第一范式、第二范式、第三范式 第一范式 如果一个关系模式R的所有属性都是不可分的基本数据项,则R1NF(即R符合第一范式)。 两点: 一、每个字段都只能存放单一值 课程有两个值,不符合第一范式,可改为如下 二、每笔记录都要能利用一个惟一的主键来加以识别
第一范式、第二范式、第三范式
第一范式
如果一个关系模式R的所有属性都是不可分的基本数据项,则R∈1NF(即R符合第一范式)。
两点:
一、每个字段都只能存放单一值
课程有两个值,不符合第一范式,可改为如下
二、每笔记录都要能利用一个惟一的主键来加以识别
这里出现了重复组,同样不满足第一范式,因为缺乏唯一标识码,可改为
第二范式
若关系模式R∈1NF(即R符合第一范式),并且每一个非主属性都完全依赖于R的码,则R∈2NF(即R符合第二范式)。
这里表的码为(学号,课程), 即知道这两项可以确定系名、宿舍、分数,或者是这三项依赖于前两项,可知
分数完全依赖(学号,课程)系名部分依赖(学号,课程),即知道学号或者课程就能确定系名.宿舍楼部分依赖(学号,课程),即知道学号或者课程就能确定宿舍楼.
由于非主属性系名,宿舍楼不完全依赖与码,不符合第二范式,可改为
表1
第三范式
若关系模式R∈3NF(即R符合第三范式),则每一个非主属性既不部分依赖于码也不传递依赖于码。
上面的表2不符合第三范式,这是因为你知道了系名,同样也就知道了宿舍楼,称宿舍楼传递依赖于码(学号),可分解为

MySQLviewshavelimitations:1)Theydon'tsupportallSQLoperations,restrictingdatamanipulationthroughviewswithjoinsorsubqueries.2)Theycanimpactperformance,especiallywithcomplexqueriesorlargedatasets.3)Viewsdon'tstoredata,potentiallyleadingtooutdatedinforma

ProperusermanagementinMySQLiscrucialforenhancingsecurityandensuringefficientdatabaseoperation.1)UseCREATEUSERtoaddusers,specifyingconnectionsourcewith@'localhost'or@'%'.2)GrantspecificprivilegeswithGRANT,usingleastprivilegeprincipletominimizerisks.3)

MySQLdoesn'timposeahardlimitontriggers,butpracticalfactorsdeterminetheireffectiveuse:1)Serverconfigurationimpactstriggermanagement;2)Complextriggersincreasesystemload;3)Largertablesslowtriggerperformance;4)Highconcurrencycancausetriggercontention;5)M

Yes,it'ssafetostoreBLOBdatainMySQL,butconsiderthesefactors:1)StorageSpace:BLOBscanconsumesignificantspace,potentiallyincreasingcostsandslowingperformance.2)Performance:LargerrowsizesduetoBLOBsmayslowdownqueries.3)BackupandRecovery:Theseprocessescanbe

Adding MySQL users through the PHP web interface can use MySQLi extensions. The steps are as follows: 1. Connect to the MySQL database and use the MySQLi extension. 2. Create a user, use the CREATEUSER statement, and use the PASSWORD() function to encrypt the password. 3. Prevent SQL injection and use the mysqli_real_escape_string() function to process user input. 4. Assign permissions to new users and use the GRANT statement.

MySQL'sBLOBissuitableforstoringbinarydatawithinarelationaldatabase,whileNoSQLoptionslikeMongoDB,Redis,andCassandraofferflexible,scalablesolutionsforunstructureddata.BLOBissimplerbutcanslowdownperformancewithlargedata;NoSQLprovidesbetterscalabilityand

ToaddauserinMySQL,use:CREATEUSER'username'@'host'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';Here'showtodoitsecurely:1)Choosethehostcarefullytocontrolaccess.2)SetresourcelimitswithoptionslikeMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR.3)Usestrong,uniquepasswords.4)EnforceSSL/TLSconnectionswith

ToavoidcommonmistakeswithstringdatatypesinMySQL,understandstringtypenuances,choosetherighttype,andmanageencodingandcollationsettingseffectively.1)UseCHARforfixed-lengthstrings,VARCHARforvariable-length,andTEXT/BLOBforlargerdata.2)Setcorrectcharacters


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),
