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数据库分区

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:59 PM
mysqlPartitionnumberdatabaseconcept

数据库分区: 概念: 以mysql为例。mysql数据库中的数据是 以文件的形式存在磁盘上 的,默认放在/mysql/data下面(可以通过my.cnf中的datadir来查看),一张表主要对应着三个文件,一个是frm存放表结构的,一个是myd存放表数据的,一个是myi存表索引的。如果

数据库分区:
概念:以mysql为例。mysql数据库中的数据是以文件的形式存在磁盘上的,默认放在/mysql/data下面(可以通过my.cnf中的datadir来查看),一张表主要对应着三个文件,一个是frm存放表结构的,一个是myd存放表数据的,一个是myi存表索引的。如果一张表的数据量太大的话,那么myd,myi就会变的很大,查找数据就会变的很慢,这个时候我们可以利用mysql的分区功能,在物理上将这一张表对应的三个文件,分割成许多个小块,这样呢,我们查找一条数据时,就不用全部查找了,只要知道这条数据在哪一块,然后在那一块找就行了。如果表的数据太大,可能一个磁盘放不下,这个时候,我们可以把数据分配到不同的磁盘里面去。 分区的方式: 1,横向分区 什么是横向分区呢?就是横着来分区了,举例来说明一下,假如有100W条数据,分成十份,前10W条数据放到第一个分区,第二个10W条数据放到第二个分区,依此类推。也就是把表分成了十份,根用merge来分表,有点像哦。取出一条数据的时候,这条数据包含了表结构中的所有字段,也就是说横向分区,并没有改变表的结构。 2,纵向分区 什么是纵向分区呢?就是竖来分区了,举例来说明,在设计用户表的时候,开始的时候没有考虑好,而把个人的所有信息都放到了一张表里面去,这样这个表里面就会有比较大的字段,如个人简介,而这些简介呢,也许不会有好多人去看,所以等到有人要看的时候,在去查找,分表的时候,可以把这样的大字段,分开来。 mysql提供的分区属于第一种。

分区优点

1,分区可以分在多个磁盘,存储更大一点

2,根据查找条件,也就是where后面的条件,查找只查找相应的分区不用全部查找了

3,进行大数据搜索时可以进行并行处理。

4,跨多个磁盘来分散数据查询,来获得更大的查询吞吐量

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