第2部分 数据库SQL语言 如何扩展数据表字段? 【文章摘要】 在通信类软件中,经常会与数据库打交道。由于需求变化,或者是程序优化升级等原因,对数据表字段进行扩展是常有的事情。这就要求开发人员必须熟练掌握对数据表字段进行扩展的操作流程。 本文基于作
第2部分 数据库SQL语言
如何扩展数据表字段?
【文章摘要】
在通信类软件中,经常会与数据库打交道。由于需求变化,或者是程序优化升级等原因,对数据表字段进行扩展是常有的事情。这就要求开发人员必须熟练掌握对数据表字段进行扩展的操作流程。
本文基于作者的数据库方面的工作经验,以实际的SQL程序为例,详细介绍了如何对对数据表字段进行扩展,为相关的开发工作提供了参考。
【关键词】
数据库 数据表 扩展 SQL 开发
一、前言
在实际的软件开发项目中,对数据表字段的扩展包括如下两个方面:
第一,对原有字段值的扩展。例如,原表有一个字段“result”,表示结果,之前的取值为0和1,现在要扩展其取值范围,添加一个结果值2。对于此类扩展,数据表的结构不用动,只需要让相关模块知道有这个值的扩展即可。
第二,新增加字段。即原来表已有的字段不能满足当前的要求,需要新增一个或几个字段,这就涉及到数据表结构的改变。
本文主要讨论第二种情况下数据表字段扩展的流程和操作方法。本文中的所有脚本都是基于Sybase数据库。
二、数据表字段扩展的流程
对于新增字段的情况,不能通过简单的删除表和重建表来完成,因为在实际的软件运行环境中,几乎每个数据表里面都会有很多的数据。如果不管三七二十一,将表删除了,会导致某些重要数据的丢失,造成极为不良的影响,甚至会引起客户的投诉。
在实际的软件开发项目中,对数据表字段的扩展流程如图1所示。
图1 对数据表字段的扩展流程
三、数据表字段扩展操作示例
有一个员工信息表,包含了工号、姓名和年龄三个字段,如下所示:
create table tb_employeeinfo
(
workid int default(0) not null, -- workid
name varchar(50) default('') not null, -- name
age int default(0) not null -- age
)
go
create unique index idx1_tb_employeeinfo on tb_employeeinfo(workid)
go
print 'create table tb_employeeinfo ok'
go
现在需要在原表的基础之上扩展一个地址(address)字段,用于记录员工的居住地址,该字段可以为空。
整个字段扩展的执行SQL脚本如下:
-- 第一步: 创建备份表
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='tb_employeeinfobak')
drop table tb_employeeinfobak
go
create table tb_employeeinfobak
(
workid int default(0) not null, -- workid
name varchar(50) default('') not null, -- name
age int default(0) not null -- age
)
go
create unique index idx1_tb_employeeinfobak on tb_employeeinfobak(workid)
go
print 'create table tb_employeeinfobak ok'
go
-- 第二步: 将原表内容插入到备份表中
insert into tb_employeeinfobak(workid, name, age) select workid, name, age from tb_employeeinfo
go
-- 第三步: 将原表删除掉
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='tb_employeeinfo')
drop table tb_employeeinfo
go
-- 第四步: 创建新表
create table tb_employeeinfo
(
workid int default(0) not null, -- workid
name varchar(50) default('') not null, -- name
age int default(0) not null, -- age
address varchar(100) null -- address
)
go
create unique index idx1_tb_employeeinfo on tb_employeeinfo(workid)
go
print 'create table tb_employeeinfo ok'
go
-- 第五步: 将备份表内容插入到新表中
insert into tb_employeeinfo(workid, name, age) select workid, name, age from tb_employeeinfobak
go
-- 第六步: 删除备份表
if exists(select * from sysobjects where name='tb_employeeinfobak')
drop table tb_employeeinfobak
go
经过以上六个步骤,即实现了对数据表的字段扩展,并且原来的数据也没有丢失。
四、总结
本文以实际的SQL脚本为例,详细介绍了对数据表字段进行扩展的整个流程,为相关软件开发活动的开展提供了有益的参考。
(本人微博:http://weibo.com/zhouzxi?topnav=1&wvr=5,微信号:245924426,欢迎关注!)

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