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Oracle优化实战(绑定变量)

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2016-06-07 15:54:571229browse

绑定变量是Oracle解决硬解析的首要利器,能解决OLTP系统中librarycache的过度耗用以提高性能。然刀子磨的太快,使起来锋利,却容

绑定变量是Oracle解决硬解析的首要利器,能解决OLTP系统中librarycache的过度耗用以提高性能。然刀子磨的太快,使起来锋利,却容易折断。凡事皆有利弊二性,因地制宜,因时制宜,全在如何权衡而已。本文讲述了绑 定变量的使用方法,以及绑定变量的优缺点、使用场合。

一、绑定变量

提到绑定变量,就不得不了解硬解析与软解析。硬解析简言之即一条SQL语句没有被运行过,处于首次运行, 则需要对其进行语法分析,语义识别,跟据统计信息生成最佳的执行计划,然后对其执行。而软解析呢,则是由 于在librarycache已经存在与该SQL语句一致的SQL语句文本、运行环境,即有相同的父游标与子游标,采用拿来主义,直接执行即可。软解析同样经历语法分析,语义识别,且生成hashvalue,接下来在librarycache搜索相同的hashvalue,,如存在在实施软解析。

C:\Users\mxq>sqlplus / as sysdba

 SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期六 5月 30 20:16:40 2015

 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
 With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

清空以前共享池数据
SQL> alter system flush shared_pool;
 
 System altered

 SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=1817156
 1555;

    CUST_ID
 ----------
        467
        467
        467

 SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=1810839
 9505;

未选定行

SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=1897116
 7925;

未选定行

在下面可以看到oracle把没条执行都重新硬解析一遍生成三个值,这样效率不高
SQL> select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=18%';

 SQL_TEXT
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 HASH_VALUE
 ----------
 select sql_text from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=18%'
  261357771

 select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18108399505
 2971670234

  select * from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18171561555
 4160363108

 SQL> select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=18%';
 
 SQL_TEXT                                                                        HASH_VALUE
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

 select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18971167925  3796536237
 select * from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18108399505        2768207417
 select * from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=18171561555        2177737916

  在这里开始使用绑定变量
SQL> var dest number;
 SQL> exec :dest:=15392107000;
 
 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
 dest
 ---------
 15392107000
 
 SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=:dest;
 
  CUST_ID
 ---------
 dest
 ---------
 15392107000
 
 SQL> exec :dest:=15310098199;
 
 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed
 dest
 ---------
 15310098199
 
 SQL> select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=:dest;
 
  CUST_ID
 ---------
 dest
 ---------
 15310098199
 
生成一个值说明oracle只硬解析一遍
SQL> select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=:dest%';
 
 SQL_TEXT                                                                        HASH_VALUE
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
  select sql_text,hash_value from v$sql where sql_text like '%dest_addr=:dest%'    627606763
  select cust_id from T_SMSGATEWAY_MT where cust_id=467 and dest_addr=:dest      1140441667
 
结论:
绑定变量可以有效消除硬解析

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