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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle DECODE函数的语法介绍以及使用技巧

decode()函数是ORACLE PL/SQL是功能强大的函数之一,目前还只有ORACLE公司的SQL提供了此函数,其他数据库厂商的SQL实现还没有此功能。 DECODE函数是ORACLE PL/SQL是功能强大的函数之一,目前还只有ORACLE公司的SQL提供了此函数,其他数据库厂商的SQL实现还没

decode()函数是ORACLE PL/SQL是功能强大的函数之一,目前还只有ORACLE公司的SQL提供了此函数,其他数据库厂商的SQL实现还没有此功能。

      DECODE函数是ORACLE PL/SQL是功能强大的函数之一,目前还只有ORACLE公司的SQL提供了此函数,其他数据库厂商的SQL实现还没有此功能。DECODE有什么用途 呢? 先构造一个例子,假设我们想给智星职员加工资,其标准是:工资在8000元以下的将加20%;工资在8000元以上的加15%,通常的做法是,先选出记录 中的工资字段值? select salary into var-salary from employee,然后对变量var-salary用if-then-else或choose case之类的流控制语句进行判断。 如果用DECODE函数,那么我们就可以把这些流控制语句省略,通过SQL语句就可以直接完成。如下:select decode(sign(salary - 8000),1,salary*1.15,-1,salary*1.2,salary from employee 是不是很简洁? DECODE的语法:DECODE(value,if1,then1,if2,then2,if3,then3,...,else),表示如果value 等于if1时,DECODE函数的结果返回then1,...,如果不等于任何一个if值,则返回else。初看一下,DECODE 只能做等于测试,但刚才也看到了,我们通过一些函数或计算替代value,是可以使DECODE函数具备大于、小于或等于功能。

DECODE(条件,值1,翻译值1,值2,翻译值2,...值n,翻译值n,缺省值)

DECODE(字段,比较1,值1,比较2,值2,.....,比较n,值n缺省值)  

该函数的含义如下:
IF 条件=值1 THEN
    RETURN(翻译值1)
ELSIF 条件=值2 THEN
    RETURN(翻译值2)
    ......
ELSIF 条件=值n THEN
    RETURN(翻译值n)
ELSE
    RETURN(缺省值)
END IF

  decode()函数使用技巧

  ·软件环境:

  1、Windows NT4.0+ORACLE 8.0.4

  2、ORACLE安装路径为:C:/ORANT

  · 使用方法:

  1、比较大小

  select decode(sign(变量1-变量2),-1,变量1,变量2) from dual; --取较小值

  sign()函数根据某个值是0、正数还是负数,分别返回0、1、-1

  例如:

  变量1=10,变量2=20

  则sign(变量1-变量2)返回-1,decode解码结果为“变量1”,达到了取较小值的目的。

  2、表、视图结构转化

  现有一个商品销售表sale,表结构为:

  month    char(6)      --月份

  sell    number(10,2)   --月销售金额

  现有数据为:

  200001  1000

  200002  1100

  200003  1200

  200004  1300

  200005  1400

  200006  1500

  200007  1600

  200101  1100

  200202  1200

  200301  1300

  想要转化为以下结构的数据:

  year   char(4)      --年份

  month1  number(10,2)   --1月销售金额

  month2  number(10,2)   --2月销售金额

  month3  number(10,2)   --3月销售金额

  month4  number(10,2)   --4月销售金额

  month5  number(10,2)   --5月销售金额

  month6  number(10,2)   --6月销售金额

  month7  number(10,2)   --7月销售金额

  month8  number(10,2)   --8月销售金额

  month9  number(10,2)   --9月销售金额

  month10  number(10,2)   --10月销售金额

  month11  number(10,2)   --11月销售金额

  month12  number(10,2)   --12月销售金额

  结构转化的SQL语句为:

  create or replace view

  v_sale(year,month1,month2,month3,month4,month5,month6,month7,month8,month9,month10,month11,month12)

  as

  select

  substrb(month,1,4),

  sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'01',sell,0)),

  sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'02',sell,0)),

  sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'03',sell,0)),

  sum(decode(substrb(month,5,2),'04',sell,0)),

 

======================================================

补充1:

有学生成绩表student,现在要用decode函数实现以下几个功能:成绩>85,显示优秀;>70显示良好;>60及格;否则是不及格。

假设student的编号为id,成绩为score,那么:
select id, decode(sign(score-85),1,'优秀',0,'优秀',-1,
decode(sign(score-70),1,'良好',0,'良好',-1,
decode(sign(score-60),1,'及格',0,'及格',-1,'不及格')))
from student;

======================================================

补充2:

Decode函数的语法结构如下:
decode (expression, search_1, result_1)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, ...., search_n, result_n)

decode (expression, search_1, result_1, default)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, default)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, ...., search_n, result_n, default)

decode函数比较表达式和搜索字,如果匹配,返回结果;如果不匹配,返回default值;如果未定义default值,则返回空值。
以下是一个简单测试,用于说明Decode函数的用法:
SQL> create table t as select username,default_tablespace,lock_date from dba_users;

Table created.

SQL> select * from t;

USERNAME                        DEFAULT_TABLESPACE              LOCK_DATE
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------
SYS                             SYSTEM
SYSTEM                          SYSTEM
OUTLN                           SYSTEM
CSMIG                           SYSTEM
SCOTT                           SYSTEM
EYGLE                           USERS
DBSNMP                          SYSTEM
WMSYS                           SYSTEM                          20-OCT-04

8 rows selected.


SQL> select username,decode(lock_date,null,'unlocked','locked') status from t;

USERNAME                        STATUS
------------------------------ --------
SYS                             unlocked
SYSTEM                          unlocked
OUTLN                           unlocked
CSMIG                           unlocked
SCOTT                           unlocked
EYGLE                           unlocked
DBSNMP                          unlocked
WMSYS                           locked

8 rows selected.

SQL> select username,decode(lock_date,null,'unlocked') status from t;

USERNAME                        STATUS
------------------------------ --------
SYS                             unlocked
SYSTEM                          unlocked
OUTLN                           unlocked
CSMIG                           unlocked
SCOTT                           unlocked
EYGLE                           unlocked
DBSNMP                          unlocked
WMSYS

8 rows selected.


补充另见:

order by 子句里含有decode函数的说明


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