OR ACL E是目前 数据库 领域里 应用 最广泛的数据库,现在让我们快速 解析 一下这些强大的O RAC LE锁有哪些 模式 。 ORACLE锁有以下几种模式 0:none 1:n ul l 空 2:Row-S 行共享(RS):共享表锁 3:Row-X 行专用(RX):用于行的 修改 4:Share 共享锁(S):
ORACLE是目前数据库领域里应用最广泛的数据库,现在让我们快速解析一下这些强大的ORACLE锁有哪些模式 。
ORACLE锁有以下几种模式
0:none1:null 空
2:Row-S 行共享(RS):共享表锁
3:Row-X 行专用(RX):用于行的修改
4:Share 共享锁(S):阻止其他DML操作
5:S/Row-X 共享行专用(SRX):阻止其他事务操作
6:exclusive 专用(X):独立访问使用
数字越大ORACLE锁级别越高, 影响的操作越多 。
一般的查询语句如select ... from ... ;是小于2的锁, 有时会在v$locked_object出现 。
select ... from ... for update; 是2的锁 。
当对话使用for update子串打开一个游标时,
所有返回集中的数据行都将处于行级(Row-X)独占式锁定,
其他对象只能查询这些数据行,不能进行update、delete或select...for update操作 。
insert / update / delete ... ; 是3的锁 。
没有commit之前插入同样的一条记录会没有反应,
因为后一个3的锁会一直等待上一个3的锁, 我们必须释放掉上一个才能继续工作 。
创建索引的时候也会产生3,4级别的锁 。
locked_mode为2,3,4不影响DML(insert,delete,update,select)操作,
但DDL(alter,drop等)操作会提示ora-00054错误 。
有主外键约束时 update / delete ... ; 可能会产生4,5的锁 。
DDL语句时是6的锁 。
以DBA角色, 查看当前数据库里锁的情况可以用如下SQL语句:
<ol> <li>select object_<span>id</span>,session_id,locked_mode from v$locked_object; </li> <li>select t2.<span>user</span>name,t2.sid,t2.serial#,t2.<span>log</span>on_time </li> <li>from v$locked_object t1,v$session t2 </li> <li>where <span>t1.session_id</span>=<span>t2</span>.sid order <span>by</span> t2.logon_time; </li> <li> </li> </ol>
如果有长期出现的一列,可能是没有释放的锁 。
我们可以用下面SQL语句杀掉长期没有释放非正常的锁:
<ol><li>alter syst<span>em</span> kill session sid,serial#; </li></ol>
如果出现了锁的问题, 某个DML操作可能等待很久没有反应 。
当你采用的是直接连接数据库的方式,
也不要用OS系统命令 $kill
process_num 或者 $kill -9 process_num来终止用户连接,
因为一个用户进程可能产生一个以上的锁, 杀OS进程并不能彻底清除锁的问题 。
在数据库级别可用alter system kill session sid,serial#;杀掉不正常的锁 。
锁类型,经常获取的一些锁类型如下:
– TM 表锁提供几个表上的并发访问
– TX 事务处理锁或行锁提供并发访问行
– MR 介质恢复锁表明数据库文件是联机的
– ST 空间事务处理锁表明由于优化不良的数据库中的区正在增长或收缩SMON 正在合并相邻的空闲区

MySQL processes data replication through three modes: asynchronous, semi-synchronous and group replication. 1) Asynchronous replication performance is high but data may be lost. 2) Semi-synchronous replication improves data security but increases latency. 3) Group replication supports multi-master replication and failover, suitable for high availability requirements.

The EXPLAIN statement can be used to analyze and improve SQL query performance. 1. Execute the EXPLAIN statement to view the query plan. 2. Analyze the output results, pay attention to access type, index usage and JOIN order. 3. Create or adjust indexes based on the analysis results, optimize JOIN operations, and avoid full table scanning to improve query efficiency.

Using mysqldump for logical backup and MySQLEnterpriseBackup for hot backup are effective ways to back up MySQL databases. 1. Use mysqldump to back up the database: mysqldump-uroot-pmydatabase>mydatabase_backup.sql. 2. Use MySQLEnterpriseBackup for hot backup: mysqlbackup--user=root-password=password--backup-dir=/path/to/backupbackup. When recovering, use the corresponding life

The main reasons for slow MySQL query include missing or improper use of indexes, query complexity, excessive data volume and insufficient hardware resources. Optimization suggestions include: 1. Create appropriate indexes; 2. Optimize query statements; 3. Use table partitioning technology; 4. Appropriately upgrade hardware.

MySQL view is a virtual table based on SQL query results and does not store data. 1) Views simplify complex queries, 2) Enhance data security, and 3) Maintain data consistency. Views are stored queries in databases that can be used like tables, but data is generated dynamically.

MySQLdiffersfromotherSQLdialectsinsyntaxforLIMIT,auto-increment,stringcomparison,subqueries,andperformanceanalysis.1)MySQLusesLIMIT,whileSQLServerusesTOPandOracleusesROWNUM.2)MySQL'sAUTO_INCREMENTcontrastswithPostgreSQL'sSERIALandOracle'ssequenceandt

MySQL partitioning improves performance and simplifies maintenance. 1) Divide large tables into small pieces by specific criteria (such as date ranges), 2) physically divide data into independent files, 3) MySQL can focus on related partitions when querying, 4) Query optimizer can skip unrelated partitions, 5) Choosing the right partition strategy and maintaining it regularly is key.

How to grant and revoke permissions in MySQL? 1. Use the GRANT statement to grant permissions, such as GRANTALLPRIVILEGESONdatabase_name.TO'username'@'host'; 2. Use the REVOKE statement to revoke permissions, such as REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONdatabase_name.FROM'username'@'host' to ensure timely communication of permission changes.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version
