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MYSQL 数据库导入导出的实现

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:46 PM
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1. 概述 MySQL数据库的导入,有两种方法: 1) 先导出数据库SQL脚本,再导入; 2) 直接拷贝数据库目录和文件。 在不同操作系统或MySQL版本情况下,直接拷贝文件的方法可能会有不兼容的情况发生。 所以一般推荐用SQL脚本形式导入。下面分别介绍两种方法。 2.

1. 概述 
MySQL数据库的导入,有两种方法: 
1) 先导出数据库SQL脚本,再导入; 
2) 直接拷贝数据库目录和文件。 

在不同操作系统或MySQL版本情况下,直接拷贝文件的方法可能会有不兼容的情况发生。 
所以一般推荐用SQL脚本形式导入。下面分别介绍两种方法。 

2. 方法一 SQL脚本形式 
操作步骤如下: 
2.1. 导出SQL脚本 
在原数据库服务器上,可以用phpMyAdmin工具,或者mysqldump(mysqldump命令位于mysql/bin/目录中)命令行,导出SQL脚本。 
2.1.1 用phpMyAdmin工具 
导出选项中,选择导出“结构”和“数据”,不要添加“Drop DATABASE”和“Drop TABLE”选项。 
选中“另存为文件”选项,如果数据比较多,可以选中“gzipped”选项。 
将导出的SQL文件保存下来。 

2.1.2 用mysqldump命令行 
命令格式 
mysqldump -u用户名 -p 数据库名 > 数据库名.sql 
范例: 
mysqldump -uroot -p abc > abc.sql 
(导出数据库abc到abc.sql文件) 

提示输入密码时,输入该数据库用户名的密码。 

2.2. 创建空的数据库 
通过主控界面/控制面板,创建一个数据库。假设数据库名为abc,数据库全权用户为abc_f。 

2.3. 将SQL脚本导入执行 
同样是两种方法,一种用phpMyAdmin(mysql数据库管理)工具,或者mysql命令行。 
2.3.1 用phpMyAdmin工具 
从控制面板,选择创建的空数据库,点“管理”,进入管理工具页面。 
在"SQL"菜单中,浏览选择刚才导出的SQL文件,点击“执行”以上载并执行。 

注意:phpMyAdmin对上载的文件大小有限制,php本身对上载文件大小也有限制,如果原始sql文件 
比较大,可以先用gzip对它进行压缩,对于sql文件这样的文本文件,可获得1:5或更高的压缩率。 
gzip使用方法: 
# gzip xxxxx.sql 
得到 
xxxxx.sql.gz文件。 

2.3.2 用mysql命令行 
命令格式 
mysql -u用户名 -p 数据库名
范例: 
mysql -uabc_f -p abc
(导入数据库abc从abc.sql文件) 

提示输入密码时,输入该数据库用户名的密码。 

3 方法二 直接拷贝 
如果数据库比较大,可以考虑用直接拷贝的方法,但不同版本和操作系统之间可能不兼容,要慎用。 
3.1 准备原始文件 
用tar打包为一个文件 

3.2 创建空数据库 

3.3 解压 
在临时目录中解压,如: 
cd /tmp 
tar zxf mydb.tar.gz 

3.4 拷贝 
将解压后的数据库文件拷贝到相关目录 
cd mydb/ 
cp * /var/lib/mysql/mydb/ 

对于FreeBSD: 
cp * /var/db/mysql/mydb/ 

3.5 权限设置 
将拷贝过去的文件的属主改为mysql:mysql,权限改为660 
chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/mydb/* 

chmod 660 /var/lib/mysql/mydb/*


备份数据库: 
进入cmd 
导出所有数据库:输入:mysqldump -u [数据库用户名] -p -A>[备份文件的保存路径] 

导出数据和数据结构:输入:mysqldump -u [数据库用户名] -p [要备份的数据库名称]>[备份文件的保存路径] 
例子:mysqldump -u root -p test>d:\test.sql 
注意:此备份只备份数据和数据结构,没有备份存储过程和触发器 

只导出数据不导出数据结构:输入:mysqldump -u [数据库用户名] -p -t [要备份的数据库名称]>[备份文件的保存路径] 

导出数据库中的Events 
输入:mysqldump -u [数据库用户名] -p -E [数据库用户名]>[备份文件的保存路径] 

导出数据库中的存储过程和函数 
mysqldump -u [数据库用户名] -p -R [数据库用户名]>[备份文件的保存路径] 

导入数据库 
mysql -u root -p

恢复备份文件: 
进入MYSQL Command Line Client 
先创建数据库:create database test 注:test是创建数据库的名称 
再切换到当前数据库:use test 
再输入:\. d:/test.sql 或 souce d:/test.sql 

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