视图 视图具有以下优点 1、限制用户只能通过视图检索数据。这样就可以对最终用户屏蔽创建视图所基于的底层基表。 2、可以将复杂查询编写为视图。这样可以对最终用户屏蔽一定的复杂性。 3、限制某个视图只能访问基表中的部分数据,这样可以实现另外一层安全性
视图视图具有以下优点
1、限制用户只能通过视图检索数据。这样就可以对最终用户屏蔽创建视图所基于的底层基表。
2、可以将复杂查询编写为视图。这样可以对最终用户屏蔽一定的复杂性。
3、限制某个视图只能访问基表中的部分数据,这样可以实现另外一层安全性,并且可以对最终用户屏蔽部分行。
CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW [ { FORCE | NOFORCE }] view_name
[ (alias_name[,alias_name ...])] AS subquery
[ WITH { CHECK OPTION | READ ONLY } CONSTRAINT constraint_name];
其中OR REPLACE 说明如果视图已经存在,就替换现有视图。
FROCE 说明即使基表不存在,也要创建视图,
NOFORCE 说明如果基表不存在,就不创建视图,NOFORCE是默认值。
subquery指定一个子查询。
WIHT CHECK OPTION 说明只有子查询检索的行才能被插入,修改、删除。默认情况下,在插入、修改、删除行之前不会检索这些行是否被子查询检索
WIHT READ ONLY 说明只能对基表中的行进行只读访问。
--简单视图
CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products1
AS
SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE price15;
CREATE VIEW v_employees
AS
SELECTemployee_id,manager_id,first_name,last_name,title
FROM employees;
--对视图执行insert操作
INSERTINTO v_cheap_products1 (
product_id,product_type_id,name,price
) values (
12,1,'Western Front',13.50
);
/**注意:只能对简单视图执行DML操作;复杂视图不支持DML操作.*****************/
--由于v_cheap_products没有使用WITH CHECK OPTION,因此可以插入、修改、删除那些子查询不能检索的行。
INSERTINTO v_cheap_products1 (
product_id,product_type_id,name,price
) values (
14,1,'Eastern Front',16.5
);
--以上插入了子查询不能检索的行,因此以下检索不到数据
SELECT *
FROMv_cheap_products
WHEREproduct_id =14;
--创建具有CHECK OPTION约束的视图:通过为视图添加CHECK OPTION约束,可以指定对视图执行DML操作必须满足子查询的条件。
CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products2
AS
SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE price
WITH CHECK OPTION CONSTRAINT cheap_products_v2_price;
--插入以下数据会报错
INSERTINTOv_cheap_products (
product_id,product_type_id,name,price
) values (
14,1,'Eastern Front',16.5
);
--创建只读视图:对于只读视图,不能对其执行DML操作
CREATEVIEW v_cheap_products3
AS
SELECT *
FROM products
WHERE price
WITH READ ONLY CONSTRAINT cheap_products_v3_price;
--创建复杂视图
CREATEVIEWv_products_and _types
AS
SELECT p.name product_name,pt.nameproduct_type_name,p.price
FROM products p FULL OUTER JOIN product_types pt
USING(product_type_id)
CREATEVIEWv_employee_salary_grades
AS
SELECT e.first_name, e.last_name, e.title, e.salary, sa.salary_grade_id
FROM employees e INNER JOINsalary_grades sg ON e.salary BETWEEN sg.low_salary AND sg.high_salary;
--下面这个例子创建视图v_product_average,子查询使用
/*WHERE 子句对products表中的行进行过滤,只保留那些价格低于$15的记录
GROUP BY子句对剩余的行根据product_type_id列进行分组
HAVING 子句对分组进行过滤,只保留那些平均价格低于$13的分组*/
CREATEVIEWv_product_average
AS
SELECTproduct_type_id,AVG(price) average_price
FROM products
WHERE price
GROUPBYproduct_type_id
HAVINGAVG(price) >13;
--修改视图CREATE OR REPLACE,使用ALTER VIEW可以修改视图的约束
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW v_product_average
AS
SELECTproduct_type_id,AVG(price) average_price
FROM products
WHERE price
GROUPBYproduct_type_id
HAVINGAVG(price) >11;
--获取视图定义信息describe
DESC v_cheap_products3
--获取用户所创建的视图信息
select * from user_views;
--获取可以访问的视图信息
select * from all_views;
--获取有关视图的约束信息
select constraint_name,constraint_type,status
from user_constraints
where table_name in ('V_CHEAP_PRODUCTS1','V_CHEAP_PRODUCTS2');

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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