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ACCESS 技巧 集 作者:ysai 1.DELPHI中操作ACCESS数据库(建立.mdb文件,压缩数据库) 以下代码在WIN2K,D6,MDAC2.6下测试通过, 编译好的程序在WIN98第二版无ACCESS环境下运行成功. //声明连接字符串 Const SConnectionString = 'Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.

ACCESS技巧
作者:ysai

1.DELPHI中操作ACCESS数据库(建立.mdb文件,压缩数据库)
以下代码在WIN2K,D6,MDAC2.6下测试通过,
编译好的程序在WIN98第二版无ACCESS环境下运行成功.
//声明连接字符串
Const
 SConnectionString       = 'Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s;'
                               +'Jet OLEDB:Database Password=%s;';

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: GetTempPathFileName
// Author   : ysai
// Date     : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: (None)
// Result   : string
//=============================================================================
function GetTempPathFileName():string;
//取得临时文件名
var
 SPath,SFile:array [0..254] of char;
begin
 GetTempPath(254,SPath);
 GetTempFileName(SPath,'~SM',0,SFile);
 result:=SFile;
 DeleteFile(result);
end;

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: CreateAccessFile
// Author   : ysai
// Date     : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: FileName:String;PassWord:string=''
// Result   : boolean
//=============================================================================
function CreateAccessFile(FileName:String;PassWord:string=''):boolean;
//建立Access文件,如果文件存在则失败
var
 STempFileName:string;
 vCatalog:OleVariant;
begin
 STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;
 try
   vCatalog:=CreateOleObject('ADOX.Catalog');
   vCatalog.Create(format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,PassWord]));
   result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(FileName),True);
   DeleteFile(STempFileName);
 except
   result:=false;
 end;
end;

//=============================================================================
// Procedure: CompactDatabase
// Author   : ysai
// Date     : 2003-01-27
// Arguments: AFileName,APassWord:string
// Result   : boolean
//=============================================================================
function CompactDatabase(AFileName,APassWord:string):boolean;
//压缩与修复数据库,覆盖源文件
var
 STempFileName:string;
 vJE:OleVariant;
begin
 STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;
 try
   vJE:=CreateOleObject('JRO.JetEngine');
   vJE.CompactDatabase(format(SConnectionString,[AFileName,APassWord]),
       format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,APassWord]));
   result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(AFileName),false);
   DeleteFile(STempFileName);
 except
   result:=false;
 end;
end;

2.ACCESS中使用SQL语句应注意的地方及几点技巧
以下SQL语句在ACCESS XP的查询中测试通过
建表:
   Create Table Tab1 (
       ID Counter,
       Name string,
       Age integer,
       [Date] DateTime);
技巧:
   自增字段用 Counter 声明.
   字段名为关键字的字段用方括号[]括起来,数字作为字段名也可行.

建立索引:
   下面的语句在Tab1的Date列上建立可重复索引
   Create Index iDate ON Tab1 ([Date]);
   完成后ACCESS中字段Date索引属性显示为 - 有(有重复).
   下面的语句在Tab1的Name列上建立不可重复索引
   Create Unique Index iName ON Tab1 (Name);
   完成后ACCESS中字段Name索引属性显示为 - 有(无重复).
   下面的语句删除刚才建立的两个索引
   Drop Index iDate ON Tab1;
   Drop Index iName ON Tab1;

ACCESS与SQLSERVER中的UPDATE语句对比:
   SQLSERVER中更新多表的UPDATE语句:
   UPDATE Tab1
   SET a.Name = b.Name
   FROM Tab1 a,Tab2 b
   WHERE a.ID = b.ID;
   同样功能的SQL语句在ACCESS中应该是
   UPDATE Tab1 a,Tab2 b
   SET a.Name = b.Name
   WHERE a.ID = b.ID;
即:ACCESS中的UPDATE语句没有FROM子句,所有引用的表都列在UPDATE关键字后.
上例中如果Tab2可以不是一个表,而是一个查询,例:
   UPDATE Tab1 a,(Select ID,Name From Tab2) b
   SET a.Name = b.Name
   WHERE a.ID = b.ID;

访问多个不同的ACCESS数据库-在SQL中使用In子句:
   Select a.*,b.* From Tab1 a,Tab2 b In 'db2.mdb' Where a.ID=b.ID;
   上面的SQL语句查询出当前数据库中Tab1和db2.mdb(当前文件夹中)中Tab2以ID为关联的所有记录.
缺点-外部数据库不能带密码.

在ACCESS中访问其它ODBC数据源
下例在ACCESS中查询SQLSERVER中的数据
   SELECT * FROM Tab1 IN [ODBC]
   [ODBC;Driver=SQL Server;UID=sa;PWD=;Server=127.0.0.1;DataBase=Demo;]
外部数据源连接属性的完整参数是:
   [ODBC;DRIVER=driver;SERVER=server;DATABASE=database;UID=user;PWD=password;]
其中的DRIVER=driver可以在注册表中的
   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/ODBC/ODBCINST.INI/
中找到

ACCESS支持子查询

ACCESS支持外连接,但不包括完整外部联接,如支持
   LEFT JOIN 或 RIGHT JOIN
但不支持
   FULL OUTER JOIN 或 FULL JOIN

ACCESS中的日期查询
注意:ACCESS中的日期时间分隔符是#而不是引号
   Select * From Tab1 Where [Date]>#2002-1-1#;
在DELPHI中我这样用
   SQL.Add(Format(
       'Select * From Tab1 Where [Date]>#%s#;',
       [DateToStr(Date)]));

ACCESS中的字符串可以用双引号分隔,但SQLSERVER不认,所以为了迁移方便和兼容,
建议用单引号作为字符串分隔符. 


在SQLSERVER中查询ACCESS数据库中的表
SELECT * FROM
OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'c:/youfile.mdb';'admin';'youpwd',youtabname)
AS a 


以下SQL语句在ACCESS XP的查询中测试通过
建表:
  Create Table Tab1 (
      ID Counter,
      Name string,
      Age integer,
      [Date] DateTime);
技巧:
  自增字段用 Counter 声明.
  字段名为关键字的字段用方括号[]括起来,数字作为字段名也可行.   

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