VI常用技巧 VI命令可以说是Unix/Linux世界里最常用的编辑文件的命令了,但是因为它的命令集众多,很多人都不习惯使用它,其实您只需要掌握基本命令,然后加以灵活运用,就会发现它的优势,并会逐渐喜欢使用这种方法。本文旨在介绍VI的一些最常用命令和高级应
VI常用技巧VI命令可以说是Unix/Linux世界里最常用的编辑文件的命令了,但是因为它的命令集众多,很多人都不习惯使用它,其实您只需要掌握基本命令,然后加以灵活运用,就会发现它的优势,并会逐渐喜欢使用这种方法。本文旨在介绍VI的一些最常用命令和高级应用技巧。
1.vi 模式
a) 一般模式: vi 处理文件时,一进入该文件,就是一般模式了.
b) 编辑模式:在一般模式下可以进行删除,复制,粘贴等操作,却无法进行编辑操作。等按下‘i,I,o,O,a,A,r,R’等
字母之后才能进入编辑模式.通常在linux中,按下上述字母时,左下方会出现'INSERT'或者‘REPLACE’字样,才可以
输入任何文字到文件中.要回到一般模式,按下[ESC]键即可.
c) 命令行模式:在一般模式中,输入“: 或者/或者?”,即可将光标移动到最下面一行,在该模式下,您可以搜索数据,而且读取,
存盘,大量删除字符,离开vi,显示行号等操作.
2.vi 常用命令汇总:
2.1 一般模式
a) 移动光标:
--> 上下左右方向键 ↑↓← →
--> 翻页 pagedown / pageup 按键
--> 数字 0 : 将光标移动到当前行首
--> $ : 将光标移动到当前行尾
--> G : 移动到这个文件的最后一行 nG : n 为数字,移动到这个文件的第n行.
--> gg: 移动到这个文件的第一行 相当于 1G
b) 搜索与替换
--> /word : 从光标开始,向下查询一个名为word的字符串。
--> :n1、n2s/word1/word2/g : n1 与n2 为数字.在第n1与n2行之间寻找word1这个字符串,
并将该字符串替换为word2。
--> :1、$s/word1/word2/g : 从第一行到最后一行寻找word1字符串,并将该字符串替换为word2
--> :1、$s/word1/word2/gc: 从第一行到最后一行寻找word1字符串,并将该字符串替换为word2。
并且在替换之前显示提示符给用户确认(conform)是否需要替换。
c) 删除,复制,粘贴
--> x,X : 在一行中,x为向后删除一个字符(相当于del键),X为向前删除一个字符(相当于backspace键)。
--> dd : 删除光标所在的那一整行。
--> ndd : n 为数字。从光标开始,删除向下n列。
--> yy : 复制光标所在的那一行。
--> nyy : n为数字。复制光标所在的向下n行。
--> p,P : p 为将已复制的数据粘贴到光标的下一行,P则为贴在光标的上一行。
--> u : 复原前一个操作
--> CTRL + r : 重做上一个操作。
--> 小数点'.': 重复前一个动作。
2.2 编辑模式:
a) i, I : 在光标所在处插入输入文字,已存在的文字向后退。i 为‘从当前光标所在处插入’,I 为‘在当前所在行的一个非空格符处开始插入’。
b) a, A : a 为‘从当前光标所在处的下一个字符开始插入’。A 为‘从光标所在行的最后一个字符处开始插入’。
c) o,O : 这是英文o的大小写。o为‘在当前光标所在行的下一行处插入新的一行’。O表示‘在当前光标所在行的上一行插入新的一行’。
d) r,R : 替换:r 会替换光标所在的那一个字符。 R : 会一直替换光标所在的字符,直到按下esc 键为止。
e) ESC : 进入一般模式。
2.3 命令模式:
a) :w : 将编辑的数据写入硬盘
b) :q : 离开vi
c) :q! : 强制离开,不存储
d) :wq : 存储后离开
e) :wq! : 强制存储后离开
3. vim 附加命令行
3.1 块选择(visual block)
v 字符选择,将光标经过的地方反白显示
V 行选择,会将光标经过的行反白选择
ctrl + v 块选择,可以用长方形的方式选择数据
y 复制反白的地方
d 将反白的地方删除掉
3.2 多文件编辑
:n 编辑下一个文件
:N 编辑上一个文件
:files 列出当前vim 打开的所有文件
3.3 多窗口功能
:sp 【filename】打开一个新窗口,如果加filename,表示在新窗口打开一个新文件
否则表示两个窗口为同一个文件内容
ctrl+wj 先按下ctrl ,再按下w后,放开所有按键,然后按下j,则光标可移动到下方的窗口
ctrl+wk 同上,不过光标移动到上面的窗口
ctrl+wq 其实就是:q结束离开。

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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