原址:http://www.i2p2.de/faq_zh.html#difftor Tor 与 I2P 有何不同 ? Tor与I2P都是混淆式网络(MixNetwork)但实现上存在差异。 同一个连接中的指令与数据在Tor中沿着通过TCP协议建立的信道(Ciruit)流动至目的节点,而在I2P中,连接被消息机制(Message)打散
原址:http://www.i2p2.de/faq_zh.html#difftor
Tor 与 I2P 有何不同 ?
Tor与I2P都是混淆式网络(MixNetwork)但实现上存在差异。
同一个连接中的指令与数据在Tor中沿着通过TCP协议建立的信道(Ciruit)流动至目的节点,而在I2P中,连接被消息机制(Message)打散为数据包经由不同的TCP或UDP隧道(Tunnel)交叉传输后在接收方重组为数据流。简而言之I2P基于包切换而Tor基于信道切换。另外Tor网络由中央目录服务器管理,而I2P使用基于Kad算法的分布式数据库。
这里以简单情况为例进行对比,其传输过程的异同如下图所示:

- I2P通过本地网络数据库NetDb得知其他节点的存在,NetDb通过Kad算法在连接其他节点时获悉更多节点的存在。
Tor通过连接中央目录服务器得知所有中继、进入/退出节点的存在。 - I2P接入网络后,I2P建立2个隧道:出站隧道A-C及入站隧道A-G,分别负责数据的传出和传入,实际的隧道数更多,可能存在A-C1,A-C2,A-G1,A-G2...。
Tor接入网络后,Tor建立1一个信道:a-c-d负责数据的双向传输。 - 现在I2P用户A发出HTTP请求希望访问用户E的匿名资源。
现在Tor用户a发出http请求希望访问Internt服务器e的资源。 - I2P将请求拆分并加密为数据包由出站隧道A-C(A-C1 A-C2...)发送至对方的入站隧道网关D(D1,D2...)通过入站隧道D-E(D1-E,D2-E...)到达E的I2P被接收并重组为HTTP请求。
Tor将请求加密送入信道a-c-d通过d转接至Internet服务器e - 反之亦然,用户E的HTTP响应经过E=>E-F(E-F1...)=>G(G1...)=>G-A(G1-A...)返回给I2P用户A。
反之亦然,Internet服务器e的http响应经过e=>d-c-a 返回给Tor用户a

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor