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游标cursor

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:27 PM
cursorserversqldeal withdatacursor

SQL Server 用于处理数据集合。但很多时候,只需要处理一行数据。游标功能可以使我们获取一个数据行集,然后一次处理一行数据。 游标有5个组成部分。DECLARE用于定义一个Select语句,该语句生成游标中数据行。Open使Select语句执行,并将结果导入内存结构中

SQL Server 用于处理数据集合。但很多时候,只需要处理一行数据。游标功能可以使我们获取一个数据行集,然后一次处理一行数据。

游标有5个组成部分。DECLARE用于定义一个Select语句,该语句生成游标中数据行。Open使Select语句执行,并将结果导入内存结构中。Fetch用于从游标中一次获取一行。Close则用来关闭游标操作。Deallocate用于删除游标,然后重新分配之前存储游标结果集非让内存结构。

(Notice:如果写的游标在来自游标中每一行上的操作都相同,建议使用更高效的基于数据集的操作。)

声明游标的通用语法格式如下:

    Declare cursor_name CURSOR [ LOCAL | REMOTE ] 
               [ STATIC| KEYSET | DYNAMIC | FAST_FORWARD ]
               [ READ_ONLY | SCROLL_LOCKS | OPTIMISTIC ]
               [TYPE_WARNING]
               FOR select_statement
接下来的语句展示了声明相同游标的三种不同的方法:
    Declare curproducts CURSOR FAST_FORWARD FOR
               SELECT ProductID, ProductName, ListPrice FROM Products.Product
    GO
    Declare curproducts CURSOR READ_ONLY FOR
               SELECT ProductID, ProductName, ListPrice FROM Products.Product
    GO
    Declare curproducts CURSOR  FOR
               SELECT ProductID, ProductName, ListPrice FROM Products.Product
    FOR READ ONLY
    GO
一旦游标被声明,就可以发布OPEN命令,就可以发布OPEN命令以执行SELECT语句。
    OPEN curproducts
然后就可以用FETCH语句从游标中的行获取数据。首次执行FETCH命令时,指针位于游标结果集的第一行数据处,再执行一次,指针边在游标中前进一行,直至超出游标结果集的范围。每次执行FETCH语句还会在全局变量@@FETCH_STATUS中放置一个值。可以使用WHILE循环来遍历游标,循环获取游标中的行。只要@@FETCH_STATUS为0,都可以使用WHILE循环。
    DECLARE @ProductID INT,
                   @ProductName VARCHAR(50),
                   @ListPrice MONEY
    DECLARE curproducts CURSOR FOR
        select ProductID,ProductName,ListPrice from Products.Product
    FOR READ ONLY
    OPEN curproducts
    FETCH curproducts into @ProductID,@ProductName,@ListPrice
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        Select @ProductID,@ProductName,@ListPrice
        FETCH curproducts into @ProductID,@ProductName,@ListPrice
    END
    CLOSE curproducts
    DEALLOCATE curproducts
Statement
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