使用 SQL 查询 ORACLE 表数据的时候,可能会有如下两种结果需求。 对查询结果集排序,并获得其排序前的行号 对结果集排序后,为每一行加入行号 对于上述两种结果需求,编写 SQL 语句的时候,需要注意 ROWNUM 赋和 ORDER BY 的执行顺序。如果 ORDERBY 的基准
使用SQL查询ORACLE表数据的时候,可能会有如下两种结果需求。
-
对查询结果集排序,并获得其排序前的行号
-
对结果集排序后,为每一行加入行号
对于上述两种结果需求,编写SQL语句的时候,需要注意ROWNUM赋值和ORDER BY的执行顺序。如果ORDERBY的基准字段是表的PrimaryKey,则查询执行过程是先对表进行排序,然后为排序后的表视图从第一行到最后一行赋予ROWNUM值。反之,如果ORDERBY的基准字段不是PK,则先从第一行到最后一行为表赋予ROWNUM值,然后进行排序。例如假设存在表TABLE_TEST,其数据如下。
TABLE_TEST
COLUMN_1 COLUMN_2 COLUMN_3 COLUMN_4 COLUMN_5
2011 Jim 010336633 Tokyo 19911011
2010 John 010336622 Beijing 19910609
2012 Kate 010336611 Newark 19920821
2013 Richard 010336644 Paris 19920115
2014 Joseph 010336666 London 19910726
有如下SQL语句查询数据。
SELECT ROWNUM, COLUMN_1, COLUMN_2
FROM TABLE_TEST
WHERE ROWNUM
ORDER BY COLUMN_1 DESC;
那么,如果
-
COLUMN_1为表的主键,则查询结果为
ROWNUM COLUMN_1 COLUMN_2
1 2014 Joseph
2 2013 Richard
-
COLUMN_1不是表的主键,则查询结果为
ROWNUM COLUMN_1 COLUMN_2
2 2011 Jim
1 2010 John
从上述例子中可以看出根据排序列是否为主键,对排序和ROWNUM的影响。
对于文章最开始的两种情况,如果我们需要排除因为排序字段主键与否对执行顺序的影响。可以分别采用如下的查询方式。
-
SELECT*
FROM (
SELECT
ROWNUM
, COLUMN_1
, COLUMN_2
FROMTABLE_NM
)ORDER BY COLUMN_1
b. SELECTROWNUM, A.*
FROM (
SELECT
COLUMN_1
, COLUMN_2
FROMTABLE_NM
ORDERBY COLUMN_1
) A
利用上述方式,虽然那效率上不如非嵌套查询,但能达到我们的查询需求。
测试版本:ORACLE 11g Release 11.2
另外从ORACLE 9i开始加入的ROW_NUMBER() OVER函数,在排序关系上和ROWNUM一致,但它比ROWNUM多了一些功能,它可以帮助实现最后若干行的操作。例如
SELECT *
FROM (
SELECTA.*,
ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY TRUNC(COLUMN_1)
ORDERBY COLUMN_1 DESC) AS ROW_NUM
FROMTABLE_NM A
)WHERE ROW_NUM

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

The steps to build a MySQL database include: 1. Create a database and table, 2. Insert data, and 3. Conduct queries. First, use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE statements to create the database and table, then use the INSERTINTO statement to insert the data, and finally use the SELECT statement to query the data.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is easy to use and powerful. 1.MySQL is a relational database, and uses SQL for CRUD operations. 2. It is simple to install and requires the root user password to be configured. 3. Use INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and SELECT to perform data operations. 4. ORDERBY, WHERE and JOIN can be used for complex queries. 5. Debugging requires checking the syntax and use EXPLAIN to analyze the query. 6. Optimization suggestions include using indexes, choosing the right data type and good programming habits.


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