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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialORACLE数据库中的ROWNUM和ORDER BY执行顺序

使用 SQL 查询 ORACLE 表数据的时候,可能会有如下两种结果需求。 对查询结果集排序,并获得其排序前的行号 对结果集排序后,为每一行加入行号 对于上述两种结果需求,编写 SQL 语句的时候,需要注意 ROWNUM 赋和 ORDER BY 的执行顺序。如果 ORDERBY 的基准



使用SQL查询ORACLE表数据的时候,可能会有如下两种结果需求。

  1. 对查询结果集排序,并获得其排序前的行号

  2. 对结果集排序后,为每一行加入行号

对于上述两种结果需求,编写SQL语句的时候,需要注意ROWNUM赋值和ORDER BY的执行顺序。如果ORDERBY的基准字段是表的PrimaryKey,则查询执行过程是先对表进行排序,然后为排序后的表视图从第一行到最后一行赋予ROWNUM值。反之,如果ORDERBY的基准字段不是PK,则先从第一行到最后一行为表赋予ROWNUM值,然后进行排序。例如假设存在表TABLE_TEST,其数据如下。

TABLE_TEST

COLUMN_1            COLUMN_2            COLUMN_3            COLUMN_4            COLUMN_5

 2011                          Jim                       010336633             Tokyo                         19911011

2010                            John                     010336622             Beijing                         19910609

2012                            Kate                     010336611             Newark                        19920821

2013                            Richard               010336644             Paris                             19920115

2014                            Joseph                 010336666             London                        19910726

有如下SQL语句查询数据。

SELECT ROWNUM, COLUMN_1, COLUMN_2

FROM TABLE_TEST

WHERE ROWNUM

ORDER BY COLUMN_1 DESC;

那么,如果

  1. COLUMN_1为表的主键,则查询结果为

    ROWNUM       COLUMN_1            COLUMN_2

    1                          2014                        Joseph

    2                           2013                        Richard

  2. COLUMN_1不是表的主键,则查询结果为

    ROWNUM       COLUMN_1            COLUMN_2

    2                          2011                          Jim

    1                          2010                          John

从上述例子中可以看出根据排序列是否为主键,对排序和ROWNUM的影响。

对于文章最开始的两种情况,如果我们需要排除因为排序字段主键与否对执行顺序的影响。可以分别采用如下的查询方式。

  1. SELECT*

    FROM (

           SELECT

                 ROWNUM

                , COLUMN_1

                , COLUMN_2

                    FROMTABLE_NM

      )ORDER BY COLUMN_1

        b.  SELECTROWNUM, A.*

             FROM (

                     SELECT

   COLUMN_1

   , COLUMN_2

                     FROMTABLE_NM

                     ORDERBY COLUMN_1

          )  A

利用上述方式,虽然那效率上不如非嵌套查询,但能达到我们的查询需求。

测试版本:ORACLE 11g Release 11.2

 另外从ORACLE 9i开始加入的ROW_NUMBER() OVER函数,在排序关系上和ROWNUM一致,但它比ROWNUM多了一些功能,它可以帮助实现最后若干行的操作。例如

SELECT *

FROM (

SELECTA.*,

ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY TRUNC(COLUMN_1)

ORDERBY COLUMN_1 DESC) AS ROW_NUM

                  FROMTABLE_NM A

)WHERE ROW_NUM

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