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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialOracle Listener静态配置、动态注册以及LOCAL

Oracle Listener静态配置、动态注册以及LOCAL

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:26 PM
listeneroracledynamicregisterConfigurationstatic

1.1. OracleListener静态服务配置与动态服务注册 1.1.1 什么是服务注册 先温习几个基本概念:Oracle实例、Oracle数据库、Oracle Server、Oracle服务: Oracle实例=Oracle SGA内存Oracle后台进程 Oracle数据库=核心文件(Data file,control file,logfile) Or

1.1.      OracleListener静态服务配置与动态服务注册  1.1.1           什么是服务注册
  先温习几个基本概念:Oracle实例、Oracle数据库、Oracle Server、Oracle服务:
  Oracle实例=Oracle SGA内存+Oracle后台进程
  Oracle数据库=核心文件(Data file,control file,logfile)
  OracleServer=Oracle实例+Oracle数据库
  在HA环境中,ORACLE Server=1个ORACLE实例+1个Oracle数据库,在两台主机的RAC环境中,ORACLEServer=2个ORACLE实例+1个Oracle数据库。
  Oracle服务:对外提供服务,1个Oracle数据库可以有多个服务。如果需要执行连接时故障转移或负载均衡,或者想要在RAC中配置在实 例之间透明地分布连接,那么使用service_names参数将是必要的。为启用这些功能,您只需要将每个实例的数据库参数文件中的 service_names设置为同一个值,并在客户端连接请求的service_name设置中引用该值。
  服务注册就是将数据库作为一个服务注册到监听程序;无论何时启动一个数据库,默认地都有两条信息注册到监听器中:数据库服务器对应的实例和服务。
  客户端不需要知道数据库名和实例名,只需要知道该数据库对外提供的服务名就可以申请连接到数据库。
  在数据库服务器启动过程中,数据库服务器会向监听程序注册相应的服务。
  1.1.2                  动态注册
  动态注册是在instance启动的时候PMON进程根据init.ora中的instance_name,service_names两个参数将实例和服务动态注册到listener中。
  首先要在init.ora中指定instance_name,service_names两个参数的值。在不指定这两个参数时,系统会取默认值(实例值那么它将取init.ora文件中的db_name的值,服务名取db_name+db_domain)。
  需要注意的是,动态注册时,服务的注册不仅包括service_names的注册,如果service_names不包括缺省的 db_name+db_domain,也会将该值注册进来。您可以在service_names参数中指定多个服务值,值之间用逗号格开,这对于共享服务 器配置是很有用的。
  由于PMON进程1分钟执行一次,因此如果listener晚于Oracle Server启动,那么最长需要等到1分钟PMON会将这些服务注册到listener进程中。
  采取动态注册方法时,不需要有listener.ora,该文件是指定静态配置使用。如果有该文件,那么该文件中不能有关于该数据库的静态配置信息,只能有类似如下信息:
  SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
  (SID_NAME =PLSExtProc)
  (ORACLE_HOME =…)
  (PROGRAM =extproc)
  )
  )

  否则将被当做静态注册,动态注册的特性失效(PMON自动注册会失效,使用altersystem register也注册不进去),但是如果如果使用了local_listener时,我的经验是除了在tnsnames.ora中配置,还需要在 listener.ora中配置,此时可以动态注册。


动态注册默认只注册到默认的监听器上(名称是LISTENER、端口是1521、协议是 TCP),因为pmon只会动态注册port等于1521的监听。如果需要向非默认监听注册,则需要配置local_listener参数,并将监听的信 息添加到tnsnames.ora文件中(或者配置local_listener参数的值为LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)(PORT = 1522)))。 注意,是tnsnames.ora 文件, 因为pmon在动态注册监听时要从tnsnames.ora中读取相关信息。  LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = DaveDai)(PORT = 1522))
  )
  然后以sys用户运行(这里也可以直接修改init文件):
  SQL> alter system set local_listener=listener scope=both;
  SQL> alter system register;
  或者:
  SQL> alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx)(PORT = 1522))';
  1.1.3                  静态注册
  静态注册就是实例启动时读取listener.ora文件的配置,将实例和服务注册到监听程序。
  静态注册时,listener.ora中的GLOBAL_DBNAME向外提供服务名,listener.ora中的SID_NAME提供注册的实例名。
  采取静态注册方法时,listener.ora中的内容如下:
  SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
  (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
  (ORACLE_HOME = D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
  (PROGRAM = extproc)
  )
  (SID_DESC =
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME =orcl)
  (ORACLE_HOME = D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
  (SID_NAME =orcl)
  )
  (SID_DESC =
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME =orcl1)
  (ORACLE_HOME = D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
  (SID_NAME =orcl)
  )
  )
  该文件表明数据库是单实例的,实例名为orcl,向外提供了两个服务:orcl和orcl1
  静态监听:
  oracle实例运行后,监听程序启动时,根据listener.ora的配置注册相应的服务。
  其中global_dbname对应的是oracle对外的服务名,即初始化参数里的service_names
  而sid_name对应的是oralce实例的名称,即初始化参数里的instance_name
  1.1.4           查询某服务是静态注册还是动态注册
  可以使用命令lsnrctl status来查看某服务是静态注册还是动态注册。
  实例状态为UNKNOWN值时表明此服务是静态注册的设置。这时监听器用来表明它不知道关于该实例的任何信息,只有当客户发出连接请求时,它才检查该实例是否存在。
  动态注册的数据库通过状态信息中的状态READY或状态BLOCKED(对于一个备用数据库)来指明。不管关闭何时数据库,动态注册的数据库都 会动态地从监听器注销,而与之相关的信息将从状态列表中消失。这样,不管数据库是在运行还是已经关闭,监听器总是知道它的状态。该信息将被用于连接请求的 回退(fallback)和负载平衡。

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