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在docker学习笔记(1)中,我们提到了通过commit 的命令来提交新的image,下面我们来通过Dockerfile文件来生成image,而且使用Dockerfile,很方便移植。 一、Dockerfile中几个常用的指令: (1)FROM 式: FROM image 或者 FROM image:tag (2)MAINTAINER

在docker学习笔记(1)中,我们提到了通过commit 的命令来提交新的image,下面我们来通过Dockerfile文件来生成image,而且使用Dockerfile,很方便移植。


一、Dockerfile中几个常用的指令:

(1)FROM

格式:

FROM  <image></image>
或者
 FROM  <image>:<tag></tag></image>

(2)MAINTAINER

格式:

MAINTAINER  <name></name>

说明:设置生成image的作者


(3)RUN

格式:

  使用shell 的形式

RUN  <command></command>
或 使用exec的形式
RUN ["executable",  "param1",  "param2"] 

说明:RUN指令会在当前的Image上的新一层layer执行指令,并提交结果。这些结果会在Dockerfile的下一步中使用到。


(4)CMD

格式:

CMD ["executable","param1","param2"]  
CMD ["param1","param2"] 
CMD command param1 param2

说明:CMD指令会在启动container时执行服务,例如一个命令,启动一个服务,或启动一个脚本之类的。

注意:一个Dockerfile文件只能有一个CMD指令,如果有多条,则只有最后一条有效。


(5)ADD

格式:

ADD  <src>  .... <dest></dest></src>

说明:

如果要ADD本地文件,则本地文件必须在 docker build ,指定的目录下,如:ADD  files    /root/hadoop_files/(注意,这里hadoop_files后面要有/,否则在build  Dockerfile时会失败,提示说: lchown /var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt..........................not  a directory之类的报错信息)

如果要ADD远程文件,则远程文件必须在 docker build ,指定的目录下,如:ADD  ADD https://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.0.4/hadoop-1.0.4-bin.tar.gz /root/


(6)VOLUME

格式:

VOLUME  ["/data"]
说明:可以将本地文件夹或者其他container的文件夹挂载到container中。


二、例子

下面的Dockerfile创建一个基于ubuntu:precise的镜像。

通过docker build  -t  ubuntu:base   .   命令执行。

#Authro:wgc
#Data:2014-10-24
#Introduction:Build basic development
From ubuntu:precise

# Set correct source list
RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list

# Install a few other useful packages plus Open Jdk 7
RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get install -y openjdk-7-jdk wget vim sudo openssh-server 

# Add hadoop_files
ADD files /root/hadoop_files/

# Set JAVA_HOME
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
RUN echo export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64 >> /root/.bashrc

# Download hadoop
ADD https://archive.apache.org/dist/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.0.4/hadoop-1.0.4-bin.tar.gz /root/




参考:

(1)docs.docker.com/reference/builder/

(2)http://blog.csdn.net/wsscy2004/article/details/25878223

(3)tonybai.com/tag/博客/






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