shell 重定向&>file 2>&1 1>
1.三个标准 操作系统约定,stdin stdout stderr分别对应0 ,1,2. 在shell脚本中,经常会涉及输出重定向的问题: 比如./myscript outpufile,其中 file 等价于 1 file,就是吧输出重定向到文件中。 对应的,21 是吧标准错误重定向到标准输出 而file是把标准输
1.三个标准
操作系统约定,stdin stdout stderr分别对应0 ,1,2.
在shell脚本中,经常会涉及输出重定向的问题:
比如./myscript > outpufile,其中> file 等价于 1> file,就是吧输出重定向到文件中。
对应的,2>&1 是吧标准错误重定向到标准输出
而&>file是把标准输出和标准错误重定向到file
2.常用例子
n>&m表示使文件描述符n成为输出文件描述符m的副本。这样做的好处是,有的时候你查找文件的时候很容易产生无用的信息,如:2> /dev/null的作用就是不显示标准错误输出;另外当你运行某些命令的时候,出错信息也许很重要,便于你检查是哪出了毛病,如:2>&1
例如:
注意,为了方便理解,必须设置一个环境使得执行grep da *命令会有正常输出和错误输出,然后分别使用下面的命令生成三个文件:
grep da * > greplog1
grep da * > greplog2 1>&2
grep da * > greplog3 2>&1 //grep da * 2> greplog4 1>&2 结果一样
#查看greplog1会发现里面只有正常输出内容
#查看greplog2会发现里面什么都没有
#查看greplog3会发现里面既有正常输出内容又有错误输出内容

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