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mysql与oracle 表字段定义比较

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:14 PM
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mysql与oracle 表字段定义比较 说明 mysql oracle VARCHAR 变长字符串 VARCHAR[0-65535] 定义长度默认按字符长度计算,如果是 GBK 编码的汉字将占用 2 个字节 VARCHAR2[1-4000] VARCHAR 是 VARCHAR2 的同义词 定义默认按字节长度计算 TINYINT SMALLINT MEDIU

mysql与oracle 表字段定义比较

 

 

说明

mysql

oracle

VARCHAR

变长字符串

VARCHAR[0-65535]

定义长度默认按字符长度计算,如果是GBK编码的汉字将占用2个字节

VARCHAR2[1-4000]
VARCHAR
VARCHAR2的同义词

定义默认按字节长度计算

TINYINT

SMALLINT

MEDIUMINT

INT
BIGINT

整数

TINYINT(-128-127)

SMALLINT(-32768-32767)

MEDIUMINT(-8388608-8388607)

INT(-2147483648-2147483647)
BIGINT(-9223372036854775808-9223372036854775807) 

无专用类型,

TINYINT可以用NUMBER(3,0)代替

SMALLINT可以用NUMBER(5,0)代替

MEDUIMINT可以用NUMBER(7,0)代替

INT可以用NUMBER(10,0)代替

BIGINT可以用NUMBER(20,0)代替



ORACLE中有SMALLINT,INT,INTEGER类型,不过这是NUMBER(38,0)的同义词

DECIMAL
NUMERIC

数值类型

DECIMAL[1-65[,0-30]]
NUMERIC
DECIMAL的同义词

NUMBER 可表示数范围: 1*10^-1301*10^126

NUMBER([1-38][,-84-127])

 

DECIMALNUMERICDECNUMBER的同义词

FLOAT

浮点型

FLOAT(D,M)

oracle10g开始增加BINARY_FLOAT类型

10g以前无专用类型,可以用NUMBER代替

ORACLE中有FLOATREAL类型,不过这是NUMBER的同义词

DOUBLE

双精度浮点型

DOUBLE(D,M)

oracle10g开始增加BINARY_DOUBLE类型

10g以前无专用类型,可以用NUMBER代替

ORACLE中有DOUBLE PRECISION类型,不过这是NUMBER的同义词

BIT

位类型

BIT(1-64)

DATETIME

日期类型

DATE3字节存储,只存储日期,没有时间,支持范围是[1000-01-01][9999-12-31]
TIME
3字节存储,只存储时间,没有日期,支持范围是[-838:59:59][838:59:59]
DATETIME
,占8字节存储,可表示日期和时间,支持范围是[1000-01-01 00:00:00][9999-12-31 23:59:59]
TIMESTAMP
,占4字节存储,可表示日期和时间,范围是[1970-01-01 00:00:00][2038-01-19 03:14:07]

DATE类型
7字节存储,可表示日期和时间,支持范围是[-4712-01-01 00:00:00][9999-12-31 23:59:59]

TIMESTAMP

高精度日期

5.6.4以前不支持小数秒精度
5.6.4开始TIME,DATETIME,TIMESTAMP支持,最多可以6位小数秒,也就是微秒级别

TIMESTAMP[0-9]
占用空间7-11个字节,当小数秒精度为0时与DATE类型相同,小数秒最高精度可达9位,也就是纳精度

YEAR

年份

YEAR1字节存储,只存储年份,支持范围是[1901][2155]

无对应类型,可以用NUMBER(3,0)代替

CHAR

定长字符串

CHAR[0-255],定义长度默认按字符长度计算,最大保存255字符

CHAR[1-2000]

定义默认按字节长度计算

UNSIGNED

无符号说明

支持,用于数值类型

不支持

CLOB

大字符串,一般用于存储文本文件或超大描述及备注类信息

TINYTEXT 最大支持255个字节
TEXT最大支持65535个字节
MEDIUMTEXT最大支持16MB个字节
LONGTEXT最大支持4GB字节

字段不支持默认值

支持(CLOB)
oracle10g
以前最大支持4GB个字节

oracle10g开始最大支持4GB个数据块,数据块大小为2KB-32KB

oracle还有一个LONG类型,是早期的存储大字符串类型,最大支持2GB字节,现已不推荐使用

BLOB

大二进制对象,一般用于存储文件或图片数据

TINYBLOB 最大支持255个字节
BLOB最大支持65535个字节
MEDIUMBLOB最大支持16MB个字节

LONGBLOB最大支持4GB字节

 

字段不支持默认值

支持(BLOB)

oracle10g以前最大支持4GB个字节

oracle10g开始最大支持4G个数据块,数据块大小为2KB-32KB

oracle还有一个LONG RAW类型,是早期的存储二进制类型,最大支持2GB字节,现已不推荐使用

BINARY

二进制信息

BINARY(0-255),定长
VARBINARY(0-65535),变长

RAW(1-2000)

ENUM

枚举类型

ENUM(v1,v2,v3,...),最多65535个元素

不支持

SET

集合类型

SET(v1,v2,v3,...),最多64个元素

不支持

NATIONAL CHAR

国际化字符集类型,较少使用

无,MYSQL可以对每个字段指定字符编码

支持
NCHAR(1-2000)
NVARCHAR(1-4000)
NCLOB

BFILE

外部文件指针类型

不支持

支持
文件大小最大4GB
文件名称最长255字符

自定义数据类型

 

不支持

支持

XML类型

 

不支持

支持

自增类型

自动增长类型

支持
使用简单

不支持
一般使用SEQUENCE解决,用法与自增类型差别较大,使用较复杂,但能实现非常灵活的应用,包括字符自增主键、全局主键等等

字段默认值表达式

 

不支持函数和表达式
TEXTBLOB字段类型不支持默认值

支持函数和表达式

字段顺序修改

 

支持,例如,把emp表的id字段顺序放在name字段后面:
alter table emp modify column id varchar(20) after name;

不支持,只能重建表或字段

虚拟字段

虚拟字段是一个逻辑字段定义,其结果值通常是一个表达式,并在表中存储物理值,不占用空间,主要用于简化查询逻辑。比如有一个商品销售表有单价和数量两个字段,那可以建一个虚拟字段金额,其表达式=单价*数量

不支持

11g支持,例:
create table sales
(
  id       number,
  quantity number,
  price    number,
  amount   GENERATED always as (quantity*price) virtual
);

表字段数限制

 

INNODB 最大1000个字段
所有字段总定义长度不能超过65535字节
所有固定长度字段的总长度不超过半个数据块大小(数据块大小一般为16K)

最大1000个字段

 

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