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CASE value WHEN [compare-value] THEN result [WHEN [compare-value] THEN result ...] [ELSE result] END CASE WHEN [condition] THEN result [WHEN [condition] THEN result ...] [ELSE result] END
在第一个方案的返回结果中, value=compare-value.而第二个方案的返回结果是第一种情况的真实结果.如果没有匹配的结果值,则返回结果为ELSE后的结果,如果没有ELSE 部分,则返回值为 NULL.
mysql> SELECT CASE 1 WHEN 1 THEN 'one'
-> WHEN 2 THEN 'two' ELSE 'more' END;
-> 'one'
mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1>0 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
-> 'true'
mysql> SELECT CASE BINARY 'B'
-> WHEN 'a' THEN 1 WHEN 'b' THEN 2 END;
-> NULL
一个CASE表达式的默认返回值类型是任何返回值的相容集合类型,但具体情况视其所在语境而定.如果用在字符串语境中,则返回结果味字符串.如果用在数字语境中,则返回结果为十进制值、实值或整数值.
IF(expr1,expr2,expr3)
如果 expr1 是TRUE (expr1 0 and expr1 NULL),则 IF()的返回值为expr2; 否则返回值则为 expr3.IF() 的返回值为数字值或字符串值,具体情况视其所在语境而定.
mysql> SELECT IF(1>2,2,3);
-> 3
mysql> SELECT IF(1
-> 'yes'
mysql> SELECT IF(STRCMP('test','test1'),'no','yes');
-> 'no'
如果expr2 或expr3中只有一个明确是 NULL,则IF() 函数的结果类型 为非NULL表达式的结果类型.
expr1 作为一个整数值进行计算,就是说,假如你正在验证浮点值或字符串值, 那么应该使用比较运算进行检验.
mysql> SELECT IF(0.1,1,0);
-> 0
mysql> SELECT IF(0.10,1,0);
-> 1
在所示的第一个例子中,IF(0.1)的返回值为0,原因是 0.1 被转化为整数值,从而引起一个对 IF(0)的检验.这或许不是你想要的情况.在第二个例子中,比较检验了原始浮点值,目的是为了了解是否其为非零值.比较结果使用整数.
IF() (这一点在其被储存到临时表时很重要 ) 的默认返回值类型按照以下方式计算:
假如expr2 和expr3 都是字符串,且其中任何一个字符串区分大小写,则返回结果是区分大小写.
IFNULL(expr1,expr2)
假如expr1 不为 NULL,则 IFNULL() 的返回值为 expr1; 否则其返回值为 expr2.IFNULL()的返回值是数字或是字符串,具体情况取决于其所使用的语境.
mysql> SELECT IFNULL(1,0);
-> 1
mysql> SELECT IFNULL(NULL,10);
-> 10
mysql> SELECT IFNULL(1/0,10);
-> 10
mysql> SELECT IFNULL(1/0,'yes');
-> 'yes'
IFNULL(expr1,expr2)的默认结果值为两个表达式中更加“通用”的一个,顺序为STRING、 REAL或 INTEGER.假设一个基于表达式的表的情况, 或MySQL必须在内存储器中储存一个临时表中IFNULL()的返回值:
CREATE TABLE tmp SELECT IFNULL(1,'test') AS test;
在这个例子中,测试列的类型为 CHAR(4).
NULLIF(expr1,expr2)
如果expr1 = expr2 成立,那么返回值为NULL,否则返回值为 expr1.这和CASE WHEN expr1 = expr2 THEN NULL ELSE expr1 END相同.
mysql> SELECT NULLIF(1,1);
-> NULL
mysql> SELECT NULLIF(1,2);
-> 1
注意,如果参数不相等,则 MySQL 两次求得的值为 expr1 .

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