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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialDELPHI中操作ACCESS技巧

1.DELPHI中 操作 ACCESS数据库(建立.mdb文件,压缩数据库) 以下代码在WIN2K,D6,MDAC2.6下测试通过, 编译好的程序在WIN98第二版无ACCESS环境下运行成功. //声明连接字符串 Const SConnectionString = 'Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s;' +'Jet

1.DELPHI中操作ACCESS数据库(建立.mdb文件,压缩数据库)

以下代码在WIN2K,D6,MDAC2.6下测试通过,

编译好的程序在WIN98第二版无ACCESS环境下运行成功.

//声明连接字符串

Const

SConnectionString = 'Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=%s;'

+'Jet OLEDB:Database Password=%s;';

//=============================================================================

// Procedure: GetTempPathFileName

// Author : ysai

// Date : 2003-01-27

// Arguments: (None)

// Result : string

//=============================================================================

function GetTempPathFileName():string;

//取得临时文件名

var

SPath,SFile:array [0..254] of char;

begin

GetTempPath(254,SPath);

GetTempFileName(SPath,'~SM',0,SFile);

result:=SFile;

DeleteFile(result);

end;

//=============================================================================

// Procedure: CreateAccessFile

// Author : ysai

// Date : 2003-01-27

// Arguments: FileName:String;PassWord:string=''

// Result : boolean

//=============================================================================

function CreateAccessFile(FileName:String;PassWord:string=''):boolean;

//建立Access文件,如果文件存在则失败

var

STempFileName:string;

vCatalog:OleVariant;

begin

STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;

try

vCatalog:=CreateOleObject('ADOX.Catalog');

vCatalog.Create(format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,PassWord]));

result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(FileName),True);

DeleteFile(STempFileName);

except

result:=false;

end;

end;

//=============================================================================

// Procedure: CompactDatabase

// Author : ysai

// Date : 2003-01-27

// Arguments: AFileName,APassWord:string

// Result : boolean

//=============================================================================

function CompactDatabase(AFileName,APassWord:string):boolean;

//压缩与修复数据库,覆盖源文件

var

STempFileName:string;

vJE:OleVariant;

begin

STempFileName:=GetTempPathFileName;

try

vJE:=CreateOleObject('JRO.JetEngine');

vJE.CompactDatabase(format(SConnectionString,[AFileName,APassWord]),

format(SConnectionString,[STempFileName,APassWord]));

result:=CopyFile(PChar(STempFileName),PChar(AFileName),false);

DeleteFile(STempFileName);

except

result:=false;

end;

end;

ACCESS中使用SQL语句应注意的地方及几点技巧

以下SQL语句在ACCESS XP的查询中测试通过

建表:

Create Table Tab1 (

ID Counter,

Name string,

Age integer,

[Date] DateTime);

技巧:

自增字段用 Counter 声明.

字段名为关键字的字段用方括号[]括起来,数字作为字段名也可行.

建立索引:

下面的语句在Tab1的Date列上建立可重复索引

Create Index iDate ON Tab1 ([Date]);

完成后ACCESS中字段Date索引属性显示为 - 有(有重复).

下面的语句在Tab1的Name列上建立不可重复索引

Create Unique Index iName ON Tab1 (Name);

完成后ACCESS中字段Name索引属性显示为 - 有(无重复).

下面的语句删除刚才建立的两个索引

Drop Index iDate ON Tab1;

Drop Index iName ON Tab1;

ACCESS与SQLSERVER中的UPDATE语句对比:

SQLSERVER中更新多表的UPDATE语句:

UPDATE Tab1

SET a.Name = b.Name

FROM Tab1 a,Tab2 b

WHERE a.ID = b.ID;

同样功能的SQL语句在ACCESS中应该是

UPDATE Tab1 a,Tab2 b

SET a.Name = b.Name

WHERE a.ID = b.ID;

即:ACCESS中的UPDATE语句没有FROM子句,所有引用的表都列在UPDATE关键字后.

上例中如果Tab2可以不是一个表,而是一个查询,例:

UPDATE Tab1 a,(Select ID,Name From Tab2) b

SET a.Name = b.Name

WHERE a.ID = b.ID;

访问多个不同的ACCESS数据库-在SQL中使用In子句:

Select a.*,b.* From Tab1 a,Tab2 b In 'db2.mdb' Where a.ID=b.ID;

上面的SQL语句查询出当前数据库中Tab1和db2.mdb(当前文件夹中)中Tab2以ID为关联的所有记录.

缺点-外部数据库不能带密码.

在ACCESS中访问其它ODBC数据源

下例在ACCESS中查询SQLSERVER中的数据

SELECT * FROM Tab1 IN [ODBC]

[ODBC;Driver=SQL Server;UID=sa;PWD=;Server=127.0.0.1;DataBase=Demo;]

外部数据源连接属性的完整参数是:

[ODBC;DRIVER=driver;SERVER=server;DATABASE=database;UID=user;PWD=password;]

其中的DRIVER=driver可以在注册表中的

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ODBC\ODBCINST.INI\

中找到

ACCESS支持子查询

ACCESS支持外连接,但不包括完整外部联接,如支持

LEFT JOIN 或 RIGHT JOIN

但不支持

FULL OUTER JOIN 或 FULL JOIN

ACCESS中的日期查询

注意:ACCESS中的日期时间分隔符是#而不是引号

Select * From Tab1 Where [Date]>#2002-1-1#;

在DELPHI中我这样用

SQL.Add(Format(

'Select * From Tab1 Where [Date]>#%s#;',

[DateToStr(Date)]));

ACCESS中的字符串可以用双引号分隔,但SQLSERVER不认,所以为了迁移方便和兼容,

建议用单引号作为字符串分隔符.

在SQLSERVER中查询ACCESS数据库中的表

SELECT * FROM

OPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',

'c:\youfile.mdb';'admin';'youpwd',youtabname)

AS a

以下SQL语句在ACCESS XP的查询中测试通过

建表:

Create Table Tab1 (

ID Counter,

Name string,

Age integer,

[Date] DateTime);

技巧:

自增字段用 Counter 声明.

字段名为关键字的字段用方括号[]括起来,数字作为字段名也可行.
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