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Oracle常见身份验证

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Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:10 PM

ordatabase

Oracle常见的身份验证有：操作系统验证、数据字典验证和口令文件验证。

1.Oracle常见的身份验证有：操作系统验证、数据字典验证和口令文件验证。

2.操作系统验证： CONNECT / AS [ SYSOPER | SYSDBA ] ;

操作系统验证需要登陆数据库服务器所在操作系统

使用操作系统验证的用户需要有sysdba或sysoper角色：GRANT [ sysdba | sysoper ] TO username ;

一般可将用户用户加入oinstall或者dba用户组，即可获取sysdba或sysoper角色所拥有的权限；

3.数据字典验证：CONNECT username / password [ @db_alias ]；

该验证方式为最常用的验证方式；

使用该验证方式需要数据库处于open状态；

SYS用户不允许使用数据字典验证登陆；

4.口令文件验证：CONNECT username / password [ @db_alias ] AS [ SYSOPER | SYSDBA ] ;

使用口令文件验证的用户必须为SYSDBA或SYSOPER角色；

当远程启停数据库时，口令文件验证是最好的方式，但是要求数据库服务器的静态监听要启动；

查看是否允许远程登录使用口令文件进行身份验证，，有三个取值: SHARED/EXCLUSIVE（oracle默认值）/NONE，shared表示密码文件可以被多个数据库使用；为 NONE 的话表示不允许远程使用口令文件验证；exclusive表示只允许一个数据库使用口令文件验证；

查看使用口令文件进行身份验证的用户列表：select * from v$pwfile_users；

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