search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial简析OpenGL的2D、3D切换

最近做游戏的时候遇到了一个小问题,我们的游戏是2D、3D结合的(准确的说是主菜单、议会界面是2D的,但是真实打斗场景为3D),由2D切换到3D没有问题,但是由3D切换回2D问题就来了:每次切换都只有glClear()管用,其余的加载图片之类的都显示不了。经过分析感

最近做游戏的时候遇到了一个小问题,我们的游戏是2D、3D结合的(准确的说是主菜单、议会界面是2D的,但是真实打斗场景为3D),由2D切换到3D没有问题,但是由3D切换回2D问题就来了:每次切换都只有glClear()管用,其余的加载图片之类的都显示不了。经过分析感觉应该是视图矩阵的问题,因为在3D场景中我们多次调用了glLookAt()、gluPerspective()等函数,而每调用一次,OpenGL的机理是把当前矩阵乘上转换算子,所以每次都乘,到了2D场景的时候如果不转换回来就会出问题。

可以关注我的个人主页:http://alanzjl.sinaapp.com

解决这个问题有两种办法,第一种是在display()函数里通过glPushMatrix()、glPopMatrix()解决。但是我们遇到的问题是可能在display中Push、Pop的次数太多,导致最终这种办法不行。还有一种就是在初始状态下记录初始矩阵,在将切换回2D的时候恢复初始矩阵。

可通过
glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,&view); //viewport
glGetDoublev(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX,&model);//model
glGetDoublev(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX,&proj);//projection
得到。

但是我们只要得到一次而且是第一次的矩阵就可以,所以要借助一个static int变量。具体实现代码:

void my_display(void){
    static flagggg;
    if(flagggg==0){
                 //只取第一次的初始矩阵
        glGetIntegerv(GL_VIEWPORT,&view); //viewport
        glGetDoublev(GL_MODELVIEW_MATRIX,&model);//model
        glGetDoublev(GL_PROJECTION_MATRIX,&proj);//projection
        flagggg=1;
    }
 
    /**************************************************************
                        模式入口
     **************************************************************/
    if(Enter_Mode==-1)
        introduction();
    else if(Enter_Mode==0)
        main_menu();
    else if(Enter_Mode==1){
        adventure();      //此处是3D
    }
    else if(Enter_Mode==2){    //此处是2D,会由上面一种模式切换到此模式,需要矩阵还原
        glLoadMatrixd(view);
        glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
        glLoadMatrixd(model);
        glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
        glLoadMatrixd(proj);
        congress();
    }
    else if(Enter_Mode==3)
        achievement();
    else if(Enter_Mode==4)
        quit();
    else if(Enter_Mode==5)
        complete();
 
    /**************************************************************/
}

其中,view、model、proj被我定义为了全局变量,它们是:

GLint view[4];
GLdouble model[16];
GLdouble proj[16];


Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
What are stored procedures in MySQL?What are stored procedures in MySQL?May 01, 2025 am 12:27 AM

Stored procedures are precompiled SQL statements in MySQL for improving performance and simplifying complex operations. 1. Improve performance: After the first compilation, subsequent calls do not need to be recompiled. 2. Improve security: Restrict data table access through permission control. 3. Simplify complex operations: combine multiple SQL statements to simplify application layer logic.

How does query caching work in MySQL?How does query caching work in MySQL?May 01, 2025 am 12:26 AM

The working principle of MySQL query cache is to store the results of SELECT query, and when the same query is executed again, the cached results are directly returned. 1) Query cache improves database reading performance and finds cached results through hash values. 2) Simple configuration, set query_cache_type and query_cache_size in MySQL configuration file. 3) Use the SQL_NO_CACHE keyword to disable the cache of specific queries. 4) In high-frequency update environments, query cache may cause performance bottlenecks and needs to be optimized for use through monitoring and adjustment of parameters.

What are the advantages of using MySQL over other relational databases?What are the advantages of using MySQL over other relational databases?May 01, 2025 am 12:18 AM

The reasons why MySQL is widely used in various projects include: 1. High performance and scalability, supporting multiple storage engines; 2. Easy to use and maintain, simple configuration and rich tools; 3. Rich ecosystem, attracting a large number of community and third-party tool support; 4. Cross-platform support, suitable for multiple operating systems.

How do you handle database upgrades in MySQL?How do you handle database upgrades in MySQL?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:28 AM

The steps for upgrading MySQL database include: 1. Backup the database, 2. Stop the current MySQL service, 3. Install the new version of MySQL, 4. Start the new version of MySQL service, 5. Recover the database. Compatibility issues are required during the upgrade process, and advanced tools such as PerconaToolkit can be used for testing and optimization.

What are the different backup strategies you can use for MySQL?What are the different backup strategies you can use for MySQL?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:28 AM

MySQL backup policies include logical backup, physical backup, incremental backup, replication-based backup, and cloud backup. 1. Logical backup uses mysqldump to export database structure and data, which is suitable for small databases and version migrations. 2. Physical backups are fast and comprehensive by copying data files, but require database consistency. 3. Incremental backup uses binary logging to record changes, which is suitable for large databases. 4. Replication-based backup reduces the impact on the production system by backing up from the server. 5. Cloud backups such as AmazonRDS provide automation solutions, but costs and control need to be considered. When selecting a policy, database size, downtime tolerance, recovery time, and recovery point goals should be considered.

What is MySQL clustering?What is MySQL clustering?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:28 AM

MySQLclusteringenhancesdatabaserobustnessandscalabilitybydistributingdataacrossmultiplenodes.ItusestheNDBenginefordatareplicationandfaulttolerance,ensuringhighavailability.Setupinvolvesconfiguringmanagement,data,andSQLnodes,withcarefulmonitoringandpe

How do you optimize database schema design for performance in MySQL?How do you optimize database schema design for performance in MySQL?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:27 AM

Optimizing database schema design in MySQL can improve performance through the following steps: 1. Index optimization: Create indexes on common query columns, balancing the overhead of query and inserting updates. 2. Table structure optimization: Reduce data redundancy through normalization or anti-normalization and improve access efficiency. 3. Data type selection: Use appropriate data types, such as INT instead of VARCHAR, to reduce storage space. 4. Partitioning and sub-table: For large data volumes, use partitioning and sub-table to disperse data to improve query and maintenance efficiency.

How can you optimize MySQL performance?How can you optimize MySQL performance?Apr 30, 2025 am 12:26 AM

TooptimizeMySQLperformance,followthesesteps:1)Implementproperindexingtospeedupqueries,2)UseEXPLAINtoanalyzeandoptimizequeryperformance,3)Adjustserverconfigurationsettingslikeinnodb_buffer_pool_sizeandmax_connections,4)Usepartitioningforlargetablestoi

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools