WCDMA深度覆盖场景2G/3G互操作参数优化探讨
欢迎进入IT技术社区论坛,与200万技术人员互动交流 >>进入 表1 WCDMA 和GSM 信号分布情况对比 从RSCP与Ec/Io的对应关系看,在RSCP接近 -100 dBm时对应的Ec/Io为-7~-9 dB,而RSCP在-110 dBm以下时Ec/Io才会达到-14 dB以下;在导频信号比较干净,RSCP为-105 dB
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表1 WCDMA 和GSM 信号分布情况对比
从RSCP与Ec/Io的对应关系看,在RSCP接近
-100 dBm时对应的Ec/Io为-7~-9 dB,而RSCP在-110 dBm以下时Ec/Io才会达到-14 dB以下;在导频信号比较干净,RSCP为-105 dBm时,Ec/Io才会达到-9 dB左右。
大部分区域(包括书房、客卧、客厅、主卧、厨房)的RSCP信号强度均在-95~-105 dBm之间,走道、客卫和储藏间的信号稍差,而多数区域的Ec/Io都在-14 dB以上,而室内大部分地区的GSM信号强度在-80 dBm以下。
a) 重选策略。当服务小区的Ec/Io
b) 切换的策略。当测量到Ec/Io
根据前面的信号分布分析,该场景下GSM的信号远好于WCDMA信号,所以只要启动异系统搜索或测量,则必然发生重选或切换(这也是该场景没有列出相关3A事件或周期性上报的相关参数的原因)。但是,启动重选搜索的门限是Ec/Io
表4 现网参数测试情况
由表4可知,接收电平为-100~-108 dBm时,Ec/Io值都未达到-14 dB的门限。这些呼叫都是起呼后立即切换,而由于信号浮动的原因,接收电平为-93~-100 dBm的信号也会在原地未移动情况下经过数秒后发生切换。
2 优化参数的实验验证
从现网参数测试的结果来看,在目前现网参数配置的情况下,用户在室内、客厅、书房等大多数区域,发起呼叫后会立刻切换到GSM,测试的结果符合理论分析。
解决上述问题有以下2个途径。
a) 让终端更早地重选到2G网络。
b) 让终端更晚地发起WCDMA→GSM切换。
采用第一种方式必须让Ec/Io对应的RSCP高于-100 dBm。从信号质量分布情况看,SsearchRAT这个门限需要提高到-5~-6 dB,这显然是不现实的。因为这样会造成用户过早地重选到GSM网络,大大降低了WCDMA空闲模式的覆盖。最好的方式是降低异系统测量启动门限或者关闭RSCP触发压缩模式的门限,降低用户异系统切换的概率。修改参数后进行了参数测试,主要对启动压缩模式的2D事件的门限进行相关调整。
2.1 测试参数1测试结果
参数1主要将CPICH RSCP 2D门限从-100 dBm修改为-108 dBm,这样室内的信号采样基本都可以保证不会起呼后立即切换,而如果信号低于-109 dBm,则Ec/Io也差不多达到-14 dB,起呼前就会重选到2G网络,参数1主要考察切换前的BLER与切换成功率。为了保证参数的适应性,在信号进入拐角处或有物体遮挡时,测试在移动切换过程中信号快速衰弱15~20 dB的情况下是否掉话,测试结果如表5所示。
表5 测试参数1 的测试结果
由表6可以看出,参数修改后多数点不会发生起呼后立即切换的问题,而需要移动到更弱覆盖区才会切换,有些-105 dBm以下的信号点由于信号波动也会切换,而且修改后-109 dBm启压模,并且信号快速衰弱触发切换并没有引起掉话,切换前的BLER基本都为0,说明语音质量也不错,所以这个门限是可以接收的门限。由图1可以看出,室内大部分区域在参数修改后均不会出现起呼后立刻切换到GSM的情况。
2.2 参数2测试结果
与参数1相比,对参数2仅修改了2D事件的触发时间迟滞Time To Trigger 2D,主要是测试参数2是否会加大掉话的概率。在不同的地点对参数2的敏感程度进行了11次测试,其中掉话4次。
由此可以看出,参数2修改后明显出现了掉话,切换掉话率达到30%。参数2修改后,在RSCP达到-109 dBm后还需要等待1 280 ms才启动异系统测量,在此过程中由于移动信号进一步恶化,所以加大了掉话概率。测试说明,在2D的RSCP门限降低后,本身留下的余量较小,如果延迟触发时间过长会导致信号恶化引起切换掉话,在高速移动的场景下更应该适当缩小该参数值,早些完成测量与切换。
3 结论
根据上述测试分析,可以得出以下结论。
a) 在目前网络覆盖情况下,室外信号一般分布在-75~-85 dBm之间,住宅楼内信号强度分布在
-95~-105 dBm之间,这也是目前室内深度覆盖区的主要RSCP分布区间。从RSCP与Ec/Io的对应关系看,在目前网络负载较轻的情况下,在RSCP接近-100 dBm时对应的Ec/Io大约为-7~-9 dB,而RSCP在-110 dBm以下时Ec/Io才会达到-14 dB以下。在无导频污染的情况下,RSCP为-105 dBm时Ec/Io才达到-7 dB,Ec/Io的恶化速度远小于RSCP恶化速度。
b)在共站覆盖情况下,室内3G信号的损耗远大于2G。在室内深度覆盖区3G信号较弱,但GSM900信号还保持良好水平。3G信号低于-100 dBm时,GSM电平还在-70 dBm附近,3G信号达到-110 dBm时,GSM电平还在-80~-85 dBm之间。
c)目前CS业务现网切换门限还有余量,重选参数与语音切换参数配合存在问题,需要进行相关参数优化。考虑到WCDMA对语音业务的支持能力比较强,对于现网异系统测量启动门限还有下调的余量。考虑到后期负载上升的影响,建议异系统启动门限(一般是2D)控制在-105 dBm左右。异系统延迟触发时间Time To Trigger不宜过低,在市区深度覆盖场景下建议该值不超过640 ms。
4 结束语
本文虽然只是针对一个未做室分的深度覆盖场景作为范例进行了研究,给出了该场景下参数优化的建议,但结合目前中国联通网络的覆盖情况,也具有一定的推广意义。最后需要特别说明的是:一个小区的参数修改需要综合考虑多方面因素,同一场景的小区覆盖范围内会包括多类场景,参数要求不同,所以互操作参数优化还应根据实际情况作相应的微调,在保证2G/3G互操作性能的同时,最大化地利用WCDMA网络,让3G用户尽量使用3G的网络服务。
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