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mongodb入门-9查询4

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:59 PM
htmongodbgetting StartedInquire

mongodb入门-9查询4 mongodb入门-8查询3 http://www.2cto.com/database/201305/212158.html $elemMatch 匹配内嵌文章中的数据,我们知道在mongodb中可以使用内嵌文档,但是这时候根据内嵌文档的内容查询使用原先介绍的方法,可能就不是那么方便了,好在mongodb已

mongodb入门-9查询4

 

mongodb入门-8查询3

http://www.2cto.com/database/201305/212158.html

 

$elemMatch

匹配内嵌文章中的数据,我们知道在mongodb中可以使用内嵌文档,但是这时候根据内嵌文档的内容查询使用原先介绍的方法,可能就不是那么方便了,好在mongodb已经考虑了,为我们提供了$elemMatch方法.例子:

 

[html] 

> db.user.find()  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5198c286c686eb50e2c843b2"), "name" : "user0", "age" : 0 }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5198c286c686eb50e2c843b3"), "name" : "user1", "age" : 1 }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5198c286c686eb50e2c843b4"), "name" : "user2", "age" : 2 }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5198c286c686eb50e2c843b5"), "name" : "user3", "age" : 1 }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5198c286c686eb50e2c843b6"), "name" : "user4", "age" : 1 }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5198c286c686eb50e2c843b7"), "name" : "user5", "age" : 2 }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("51997c702b76790566165e48"), "name" : "xiangyue", "age" : 23, "title" : [ { "content" : "aaa" }, {  

 "content" : "bbb" }, { "discuss" : "cc" } ] }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("51997c9f2b76790566165e49"), "name" : "xiangyue", "age" : 23, "title" : [ { "content" : "dd" }, {  

"content" : "ee" }, { "discuss" : "ff" } ] }  

> db.user.find({title:{$elemMatch : {content : "aaa"}}}) -->查找title中的content字段为aaa的文档  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("51997c702b76790566165e48"), "name" : "xiangyue", "age" : 23, "title" : [ { "content" : "aaa" }, {  

 "content" : "bbb" }, { "discuss" : "cc" } ] }  

 

游标

mongodb中提供了像关系型数据库中的游标操作.首先我们获取一个游标,获取游标很简单,只需要将我们以前学过的查询方法赋值给一个变量就可以了:

 

[html] 

var cursor = db.test.find()  

我们如果在命令行直接输入cursor,将会执行这个查询打印结果,这个时候我们再去执行cursor的时候将神马都不会返回了,因为这个游标已经使用完了,当然我们不想这样使用游标,我们可以像下面那样使用游标:

[html] 

> while(cursor.hasNext()){ var current = cursor.next(); print("age=" + current.age); }  

age=1  

age=2  

age=3  

age=4  

age=5  

当然我们可以使用游标的forEach方法,如下:

[html] 

> var cursor = db.test.find()  

> cursor.forEach(function(obj){  

... print("age=" + obj.age);  

... });  

age=1  

age=2  

age=3  

age=4  

age=5  

同样游标可以结合sort/skip/limit等方法一同使用,换句话说以前学的基本所有的查询都可以跟游标结合使用.

 

count 计算查询结果的数目

这个比较简单,在以前的查询的命令后面再加上.count()就可以了.

 

[html] 

> db.test.find()  

{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "user_1", "age" : 1 }  

{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "user_2", "age" : 2 }  

{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "user_3", "age" : 3 }  

{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "user_4", "age" : 4 }  

{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "user_5", "age" : 5 }  

> db.test.find().count()  

5  

 

null查询

例如下面文档我们只想查出y值为null的文档,

 

[html] 

> db.test2.find()  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("519984432b76790566165e4c"), "x" : null }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5199844c2b76790566165e4d"), "y" : null, "x" : "test" }  

 

按照我们原来学过的使用下的方式查询结果不是我们想要的:

[html] 

> db.test2.find({y:null}) -->我们发现mongodb对于y不存在也会给查出来  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("519984432b76790566165e4c"), "x" : null }  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5199844c2b76790566165e4d"), "y" : null, "x" : "test" }  

这里提供一下两种方法查询

 

[html] 

> db.test2.find({y:{$type:10}}) -->明确指出其类型  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5199844c2b76790566165e4d"), "y" : null, "x" : "test" }  

> db.test2.find({y:null,y:{$exists:1}}) -->查找null 但是同时y值必须存在  

{ "_id" : ObjectId("5199844c2b76790566165e4d"), "y" : null, "x" : "test" }  

 

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