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Spring Data MongoDB实战

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2016-06-07 14:58:211679browse

本文会详细展示Spring Data MongoDB是如何访问MongoDB数据库的。MongoDB是一个开源的文档型NoSQL数据库,而Spring Data MongoDB是

本文会详细展示Spring Data MongoDB是如何访问MongoDB数据库的。MongoDB是一个开源的文档型NoSQL数据库,而Spring Data MongoDB是Spring Data的模块之一,专用于访问MongoDB数据库。Spring Data MongoDB模块既提供了基于方法名的查询方式,也提供了基于注释的查询方式。

1、用Spring Data配置并管理MongoDB

要安装MongoDB数据库,可以从这里下载:https://www.mongodb.org/downloads
安装过程省略。完成MongoDB的安装和运行后,可以开始应用开发了。
首先在Eclipse创建一个简单的Maven项目,并配置pom.xml管理Spring Data MongoDB项目的依赖。内容如下:

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pom.xml

4.0.0 SpringDataMongoDBDemo SpringDataMongoDBDemo 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT org.springframework.data spring-data-mongodb 1.7.2.RELEASE

Eclipse会下载所需的JAR包并把依赖关系配置到项目的类路径下。现在项目的依赖关系已经完成导入,,可以开始编写实际的代码了。
首先创建需要持久化到MongoDB数据库的实体类。

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Person.java

package com.ch.jpa.entity; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id; import org.springframework.data.annotation.PersistenceConstructor; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.DBRef; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document; @Document(collection = "person") public class Person { @Id private Long personId; private String name; private int age; @DBRef(db = "address") private List
addresses = new ArrayList(); public Person() { } @PersistenceConstructor public Person(Long personId, String name, int age) { super(); this.personId = personId; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public Long getPersonId() { return personId; } public void setPersonId(Long personId) { this.personId = personId; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public List
getAddresses() { return addresses; } public void setAddresses(List
addresses) { this.addresses = addresses; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [personId=" + personId + ",, age=" + age + ", addresses=" + addresses + "]"; } }

注释@Document表示待持久化的数据是一个集合。如果集合没有指定名字,那么默认会使用实体类的类名作为集合名。
注释@Id表示被注解的域被映射到集合中的_id列。如果实体类中未使用此注释,那么默认名为id的域会被映射到集合中的_id列。而且此域的值由MongoDB的驱动包自动产生,它的值在在POJO中是不可用的。
注释@DBRef用于在当前的实体类中引用已有的实体类。然而,与关系数据库的情况不同,如果我们保存当前实体,它不会保存引用的相关实体。引用的相关实体的持久化是分开的。
注释@PersistenceConstructor用于标记从MongoDB数据库服务器取回数据时创建实体的构造方法。

下面是关联的Address实体类:

Address.java

package com.ch.jpa.entity; import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id; import org.springframework.data.annotation.PersistenceConstructor; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document; @Document(collection = "address") public class Address { @Id private long addressId; private String address; private String city; private String state; private long zipcode; public Address() { System.out.println("CAlling default cons"); } @PersistenceConstructor public Address(long addressId, String address, String city, String state, long zipcode) { super(); this.addressId = addressId; this.address = address; this.city = city; this.state = state; this.zipcode = zipcode; } public String getAddress() { return address; } public void setAddress(String address) { this.address = address; } public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getState() { return state; } public void setState(String state) { this.state = state; } public long getZipcode() { return zipcode; } public void setZipcode(long zipcode) { this.zipcode = zipcode; } @Override public String toString() { return "Address [address=" + address + ", city=" + city + ", state=" + state + ", zipcode=" + zipcode + "]"; } }

Spring Data 的详细介绍:请点这里
Spring Data 的下载地址:请点这里

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