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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL学习12:修改数据表(二)

MySQL学习12:修改数据表(二)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:51 PM
mysqlRevisestudyusdata sheetAdd toconstraint

我们接着上一篇的添加约束的操作讲述。 三添加约束 (3)添加外键约束 ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY[index_name] [index_type] (index_col_name,...) references_definition; 例子: ALTER TABLE users2 ADD FOREIGN KEY (pi

        我们接着上一篇的添加约束的操作讲述。

        三添加约束

        (3)添加外键约束

        ALTER TABLE table_name ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY [index_name] [index_type] 

(index_col_name,...) references_definition;

        例子:

        ALTER TABLE users2 ADD FOREIGN KEY (pid) REFERENCES provinces (id);

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        (4)添加默认约束

        ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal} ;

        例子:

        首先添加一列要做为默认约束的字段:

        ALTER TABLE users2 ADD age TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        添加默认约束age字段为默认值为15:

        ALTER TABLE users2  ALTER age SET DEFAULT 15;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        四删除约束

        (1)删除主键约束

        删除主键约束语法格式(由于一张数据表只有一个主键,因此不用加上列明):

        ALTER TABLE table_name DROP PRIMARY KEY;

        例子:

        ALTER TABLE users2  DROP PRIMARY KEY;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        (2)删除唯一约束

        删除唯一约束的语法格式(一张数据表可以有多个唯一约束):

        ALTER TABLE table_name DROP {INDEX|KEY} index_name;

        例子:

        先来查看有索引的字段名称,找到唯一约束字段:

        SHOW INDEXES FROM users2\G;


        ALTER TABLE users2  DROP INDEX username;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        (3)删除外键约束

        ALTER TABLE table_name DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol;

        例子:

        先来查看外键约束:

        SHOW CREATE TABLE users2;


        由此知道外键约束的名称为users2_ibfk_1,因此可以删除外键约束:

        ALTER TABLE users2 DROP REIGN KEY users2_ibfk_1;

        SHOW CREATE TABLE users2;


        (4)删除默认约束

        删除默认约束的语法格式为:

        ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {DROP DEFAULT};

        例子:

        ALTER TABLE users2  ALTER age DROP DEFAULT;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        五修改列定义和更名数据表

        (1)修改列定义

        修改列定义语法格式:

        ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition [FIRST | AFTER col_name];

        例子:

        1)如果我们看到数据表的id字段并没有在第一列,要是改到第一列需要这样做:

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;

        ALTER TABLE users2 MODIFY id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL FIRST;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        2)我们也可以修改字段的数据类型:

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;

        ALTER TABLE users2 MODIFY id TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL FIRST;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;


        大数据类型改到小数据类型会造成数据的丢失。谨慎使用改变数据类型。因此这就需要我们在进行数据库设计的

时候一定要事先设计好字段的数据类型,避免不必要的麻烦。

        (2)修改列名称

        修改列名称的语法格式:

        ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition [FIRST |

 AFTER col_name];

        例子:修改列名称和列的数据类型

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;
        ALTER TABLE users2 CHANGE pid p_id TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL;

        SHOW COLUMNS FROM users2;

        (3)修改数据表名称

        修改数据表名称的方式有两种:

        方法1:

        ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME [TO|AS] new_table_name;

        方法2:

        RENAME TABLE table_name TO new_table_name [,table_name2 To new_table_name2] ...;

        例子:

        SHOW TABLES;

        ALTER TABLE users2 RENAME users3;

        SHOW TABLES;


        我们再来使用另一种方法修改数据表名称:

        RENAME TABLE users3 TO users2;

        SHOW TABLES;


        我们应该尽量少使用修改列定义和数据表名称,可能导致视图或存储过程不能使用。

        总结:

        修改数据表

        针对字段的操作:添加/删除字段、修改列定义,修改列名称等。

        针对约束的操作:添加/删除各种约束。

        针对数据表的操作:数据表更名(两种方式)。



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