ORM概念 O, Object 对象R, Realtion 关系 (关系型数据库: MySQL, Oracle…)M,Mapping 映射ORM, 对象关系映射!ORM, 解决什么问题? 存储: 能否把对象的数据直接保存到数据库? 获取: 能否直接从数据库拿到一个对象?想做到上面2点,必须要有映射!总结:
ORM概念
<code>O, Object 对象 R, Realtion 关系 (关系型数据库: MySQL, Oracle…) M,Mapping 映射 ORM, 对象关系映射! ORM, 解决什么问题? 存储: 能否把对象的数据直接保存到数据库? 获取: 能否直接从数据库拿到一个对象? 想做到上面2点,必须要有映射! 总结: Hibernate与ORM的关系? Hibernate是ORM的实现! </code>
Hibernate 案例
<code>搭建一个Hibernate环境,开发步骤: 1. 下载源码 版本:hibernate-distribution-3.6.0.Final 2. 引入jar文件 hibernate3.jar核心 + required 必须引入的(6个) + jpa 目录 + 数据库驱动包 3. 写对象以及对象的映射 Employee.java 对象 Employee.hbm.xml 对象的映射 (映射文件) 4. src/hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置文件 数据库连接配置 加载所用的映射(*.hbm.xml) 5. App.java 测试 </code>
对象 Employee.java
<code class=" hljs cs"><span class="hljs-comment">//一、 对象</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> Employee { <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> empId; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String empName; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Date workDate; } </code>
对象的映射 Employee.hbm.xml
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.a_hello"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"employee"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 主键 ,映射--></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empId"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"native"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 非主键,映射 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"workDate"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"workDate"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span> </code>
主配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-configuration</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">session-factory</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 数据库连接配置 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.driver_class"</span>></span>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.url"</span>></span>jdbc:mysql:///hib_demo<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.username"</span>></span>root<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.connection.password"</span>></span>root<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.dialect"</span>></span>org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"hibernate.show_sql"</span>></span>true<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 加载所有映射 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">resource</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn/itcast/a_hello/Employee.hbm.xml"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">session-factory</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-configuration</span>></span> </code>
测试类 App.java
<code class=" hljs java"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">App</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testHello</span>() <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { <span class="hljs-comment">// 对象</span> Employee emp = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Employee(); emp.setEmpName(<span class="hljs-string">"班长"</span>); emp.setWorkDate(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Date()); <span class="hljs-comment">// 获取加载配置文件的管理类对象</span> Configuration config = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration(); config.configure(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 默认加载src/hibenrate.cfg.xml文件</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建session的工厂对象</span> SessionFactory sf = config.buildSessionFactory(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建session (代表一个会话,与数据库连接的会话)</span> Session session = sf.openSession(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 开启事务</span> Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">//保存-数据库</span> session.save(emp); <span class="hljs-comment">// 提交事务</span> tx.commit(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 关闭</span> session.close(); sf.close(); } } </code>
Hibernate Api
<code>|-- Configuration 配置管理类对象 config.configure(); 加载主配置文件的方法(hibernate.cfg.xml) 默认加载src/hibernate.cfg.xml config.configure(“cn/config/hibernate.cfg.xml”); 加载指定路径下指定名称的主配置文件 config.buildSessionFactory(); 创建session的工厂对象 |-- SessionFactory session的工厂(或者说代表了这个hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件) sf.openSession(); 创建一个sesison对象 sf.getCurrentSession(); 创建session或取出session对象 |--Session session对象维护了一个连接(Connection), 代表了与数据库连接的会话。 Hibernate最重要的对象: 只用使用hibernate与数据库操作,都用到这个对象 session.beginTransaction(); 开启一个事务; hibernate要求所有的与数据库的操作必须有事务的环境,否则报错! 更新: session.save(obj); 保存一个对象 session.update(emp); 更新一个对象 session.saveOrUpdate(emp); 保存或者更新的方法: 没有设置主键,执行保存; 有设置主键,执行更新操作; 如果设置主键不存在报错! 主键查询: session.get(Employee.class, 1); 主键查询 session.load(Employee.class, 1); 主键查询 (支持懒加载) HQL查询: HQL查询与SQL查询区别: SQL: (结构化查询语句)查询的是表以及字段; 不区分大小写。 HQL: hibernate query language 即hibernate提供的面向对象的查询语言 查询的是对象以及对象的属性。 区分大小写。 Criteria查询: 完全面向对象的查询。 本地SQL查询: 复杂的查询,就要使用原生态的sql查询,也可以,就是本地sql查询的支持! (缺点: 不能跨数据库平台!) |-- Transaction hibernate事务对象 共性问题1: ClassNotFoundException…., 缺少jar文件! 共性问题2: 如果程序执行程序,hibernate也有生成sql语句,但数据没有结果影响。 问题一般是事务忘记提交……. 遇到问题,一定看错误提示! </code>
Hibernate crud
<code class=" hljs java"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">EmployeeDaoImpl</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">IEmployeeDao</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Employee <span class="hljs-title">findById</span>(Serializable id) { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">// 获取Session</span> session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 开启事务</span> tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 主键查询</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, id); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getAll</span>() { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">// HQL查询</span> Query q = session.createQuery(<span class="hljs-string">"from Employee"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> q.list(); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getAll</span>(String employeeName) { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); Query q =session.createQuery(<span class="hljs-string">"from Employee where empName=?"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 注意:参数索引从0开始</span> q.setParameter(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, employeeName); <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行查询</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> q.list(); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> List<Employee> <span class="hljs-title">getAll</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> index, <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> count) { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); Query q = session.createQuery(<span class="hljs-string">"from Employee"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置分页参数</span> q.setFirstResult(index); <span class="hljs-comment">// 查询的其实行 </span> q.setMaxResults(count); <span class="hljs-comment">// 查询返回的行数</span> List<Employee> list = q.list(); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> list; } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">save</span>(Employee emp) { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行保存操作</span> session.save(emp); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">update</span>(Employee emp) { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); session.update(emp); } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } <span class="hljs-annotation">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">delete</span>(Serializable id) { Session session = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; Transaction tx = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> { session = HibernateUtils.getSession(); tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 先根据id查询对象,再判断删除</span> Object obj = session.get(Employee.class, id); <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (obj != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) { session.delete(obj); } } <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) { <span class="hljs-keyword">throw</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RuntimeException(e); } <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> { tx.commit(); session.close(); } } }</code>
Hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置
<code>Hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置文件中主要配置:数据库连接信息、其他参数、映射信息! 常用配置查看源码: hibernate-distribution-3.6.0.Final\project\etc\hibernate.properties </code>
数据库连接参数配置
<code>例如: ## MySQL #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test #hibernate.connection.username gavin #hibernate.connection.password </code>
自动建表
Hibernate.properties
<code>#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop 每次在创建sessionFactory时候执行创建表; 当调用sesisonFactory的close方法的时候,删除表! #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create 每次都重新建表; 如果表已经存在就先删除再创建 #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update 如果表不存在就创建; 表存在就不创建; #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate (生成环境时候) 执行验证: 当映射文件的内容与数据库表结构不一样的时候就报错! </code>
代码自动建表
<code class=" hljs java"> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">App_ddl</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 自动建表</span> <span class="hljs-annotation">@Test</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testCreate</span>() <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception { <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建配置管理类对象</span> Configuration config = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 加载主配置文件</span> config.configure(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建工具类对象</span> SchemaExport export = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> SchemaExport(config); <span class="hljs-comment">// 建表</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 第一个参数: 是否在控制台打印建表语句</span> <span class="hljs-comment">// 第二个参数: 是否执行脚本</span> export.create(<span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>); } } </code>
映射配置
<code>1. 普通字段类型 2. 主键映射 单列主键映射 多列作为主键映射 主键生成策略,查看api: 5.1.2.2.1. Various additional generators 数据库: 一个表能否有多个主键? 不能。 为什么要设置主键? 数据库存储的数据都是有效的,必须保持唯一。 (为什么把id作为主键?) 因为表中通常找不到合适的列作为唯一列即主键,所以为了方法用id列,因为id是数据库系统维护可以保证唯一,所以就把这列作为主键! 联合/复合主键 如果找不到合适的列作为主键,出来用id列以外,我们一般用联合主键,即多列的值作为一个主键,从而确保记录的唯一性。 </code>
映射配置
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 映射文件: 映射一个实体类对象; 描述一个对象最终实现可以直接保存对象数据到数据库中。 --></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- package: 要映射的对象所在的包(可选,如果不指定,此文件所有的类都要指定全路径) auto-import 默认为true, 在写hql的时候自动导入包名 如果指定为false, 再写hql的时候必须要写上类的全名; 如:session.createQuery("from cn.itcast.c_hbm_config.Employee").list(); --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.c_hbm_config"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">auto-import</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"true"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- class 映射某一个对象的(一般情况,一个对象写一个映射文件,即一个class节点) name 指定要映射的对象的类型 table 指定对象对应的表; 如果没有指定表名,默认与对象名称一样 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"Employee"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">table</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"employee"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 主键 ,映射--></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empId"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"id"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 主键的生成策略 identity 自增长(mysql,db2) sequence 自增长(序列), oracle中自增长是以序列方法实现 native 自增长【会根据底层数据库自增长的方式选择identity或sequence】 如果是mysql数据库, 采用的自增长方式是identity 如果是oracle数据库, 使用sequence序列的方式实现自增长 increment 自增长(会有并发访问的问题,一般在服务器集群环境使用会存在问题。) assigned 指定主键生成策略为手动指定主键的值 uuid 指定uuid随机生成的唯一的值 foreign (外键的方式, one-to-one讲) --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">generator</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">class</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"uuid"</span>/></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">id</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 普通字段映射 property name 指定对象的属性名称 column 指定对象属性对应的表的字段名称,如果不写默认与对象属性一致。 length 指定字符的长度, 默认为255 type 指定映射表的字段的类型,如果不指定会匹配属性的类型 java类型: 必须写全名 hibernate类型: 直接写类型,都是小写 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"empName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">length</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"20"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"workDate"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.util.Date"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 如果列名称为数据库关键字,需要用反引号或改列名。 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"desc"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">column</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"`desc`"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"java.lang.String"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span> </code>
复合主键映射
对象与主键
<code class=" hljs java"><span class="hljs-comment">// 复合主键类</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CompositeKeys</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">Serializable</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String userName; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String address; <span class="hljs-comment">// .. get/set</span> }</code>
<code class=" hljs cs"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> User { <span class="hljs-comment">// 名字跟地址,不会重复</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> CompositeKeys keys; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> age; }</code>
User.hbm.xml
<code class=" hljs xml"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0"?></span> <span class="hljs-doctype"><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">package</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"cn.itcast.d_compositeKey"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">auto-import</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"true"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">class</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"User"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-comment"><!-- 复合主键映射 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">composite-id</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"keys"</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"userName"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"address"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"string"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">key-property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">composite-id</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">property</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">name</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"age"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"int"</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">property</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">class</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">hibernate-mapping</span>></span></code>
APP.java
<code class=" hljs cs"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> App2 { <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> SessionFactory sf; <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> { <span class="hljs-comment">// 创建sf对象</span> sf = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Configuration() .configure() .addClass(User.class) <span class="hljs-comment">//(测试) 会自动加载映射文件:Employee.hbm.xml</span> .buildSessionFactory(); } <span class="hljs-comment">//1. 保存对象</span> @Test <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testSave</span>() throws Exception { Session session = sf.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 对象</span> CompositeKeys keys = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CompositeKeys(); keys.setAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"广州棠东"</span>); keys.setUserName(<span class="hljs-string">"Jack"</span>); User user = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> User(); user.setAge(<span class="hljs-number">20</span>); user.setKeys(keys); <span class="hljs-comment">// 保存</span> session.save(user); tx.commit(); session.close(); } @Test <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testGet</span>() throws Exception { Session session = sf.openSession(); Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction(); <span class="hljs-comment">//构建主键再查询</span> CompositeKeys keys = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CompositeKeys(); keys.setAddress(<span class="hljs-string">"广州棠东"</span>); keys.setUserName(<span class="hljs-string">"Jack"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 主键查询</span> User user = (User) session.<span class="hljs-keyword">get</span>(User.class, keys); <span class="hljs-comment">// 测试输出</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (user != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>){ System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(user.getKeys().getUserName()); System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(user.getKeys().getAddress()); System.<span class="hljs-keyword">out</span>.println(user.getAge()); } tx.commit(); session.close(); } } </code>

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.


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