PHP MySQL预处理语句作用:
PHP MySQL 预处理语句
预处理语句对于防止 MySQL 注入是非常有用的。
预处理语句及绑定参数
预处理语句用于执行多个相同的 SQL 语句,并且执行效率更高。
预处理语句的工作原理如下:
预处理:创建 SQL 语句模板并发送到数据库。预留的值使用参数 "?" 标记 。例如:
INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email) VALUES(?, ?, ?)
数据库解析,编译,对SQL语句模板执行查询优化,并存储结果不输出。
执行:最后,将应用绑定的值传递给参数("?" 标记),数据库执行语句。应用可以多次执行语句,如果参数的值不一样。
相比于直接执行SQL语句,预处理语句有两个主要优点:
预处理语句大大减少了分析时间,只做了一次查询(虽然语句多次执行)。
绑定参数减少了服务器带宽,你只需要发送查询的参数,而不是整个语句。
预处理语句针对SQL注入是非常有用的,因为参数值发送后使用不同的协议,保证了数据的合法性。
MySQLi 预处理语句
以下实例在 MySQLi 中使用了预处理语句,并绑定了相应的参数:
实例 (MySQLi 使用预处理语句)
<?php $servername = "localhost"; $username = "username"; $password = "password"; $dbname = "myDB"; // 创建连接 $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname); // 检测连接 if ($conn->connect_error) { die("连接失败: " . $conn->connect_error); } // 预处理及绑定 $stmt = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email) VALUES (?, ?, ?)"); $stmt->bind_param("sss", $firstname, $lastname, $email); // 设置参数并执行 $firstname = "John"; $lastname = "Doe"; $email = "john@example.com"; $stmt->execute(); $firstname = "Mary"; $lastname = "Moe"; $email = "mary@example.com"; $stmt->execute(); $firstname = "Julie"; $lastname = "Dooley"; $email = "julie@example.com"; $stmt->execute(); echo "新记录插入成功"; $stmt->close(); $conn->close(); ?>
解析以下实例的每行代码:
"INSERT INTO MyGuests (firstname, lastname, email) VALUES(?, ?, ?)"
在 SQL 语句中,我们使用了问号 (?),在此我们可以将问号替换为整型,字符串,双精度浮点型和布尔值。
接下来,让我们来看下 bind_param() 函数:
$stmt->bind_param("sss", $firstname, $lastname, $email);
该函数绑定了 SQL 的参数,且告诉数据库参数的值。 "sss" 参数列处理其余参数的数据类型。s 字符告诉数据库该参数为字符串。
参数有以下四种类型:
i - integer(整型)
d - double(双精度浮点型)
s - string(字符串)
b - BLOB(binary large object:二进制大对象)
每个参数都需要指定类型。
通过告诉数据库参数的数据类型,可以降低 SQL 注入的风险。
Note 注意: 如果你想插入其他数据(用户输入),对数据的验证是非常重要的。
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