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Apple released JavaScript for Automation Release Notes (preview version) on its official website, which attracted widespread attention from the community. The general consensus of the discussion was that this is an experimental attempt to replace/supplement AppleScript.
The predecessor of AppleScript is Hypertalk, the scripting language used by Hypercard. Apple discovered that Hypertalk's English-like syntax could be used to control other software, so it developed AppleScript and became part of System 7. AppleScript has also transitioned from Apple's classic operating system to Mac OS X and Cocoa architecture. Apple also launched AppleScript Studio with Mac OS X 10.2, which can fully use AppleScript to create Cocoa software with a graphical interface. Note: Excerpted from Wiki
JavaScript has attracted the attention of many major manufacturers with its simple syntax, good performance, ultra-lightweight framework, minimally coupled module system and other advantages.
In addition, JavaScript is inherently open and has no copyright and patent disputes. It has a very broad developer (open source) group. Apple introduced it to the OS X platform to replace the proprietary AppleScript. It may also have some considerations of an open platform. Thus attracting a wide range of third-party developers.