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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial消息队列是什么意思?

消息队列是什么意思?

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:19 PM
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消息队列就是一个队列结构的中间件,也就是说消息放入这个中间件之后就可以直接返回,并不需要系统立即处理,而另外会有一个程序读取这些数据,并按顺序进行逐次处理。

消息队列是什么意思?

消息队列是什么意思?

消息队列概念

  从本质上说消息对列就是一个队列结构的中间件,也就是说消息放入这个中间件之后就可以直接返回,并不需要系统立即处理,而另外会有一个程序读取这些数据,并按顺序进行逐次处理。

  也就是说当你遇到一个并发特别大并且耗时特别长同时还不需要立即返回处理结果,使用消息队列可以解决这类问题。

核心结构

f3302581a9319ca148e228b61fd198e.png

由一个业务系统进行入队,把消息逐次插入到消息队列中,插入成功之后直接返回成功的结果,后续会有一个消息处理系统,这个系统会把消息系统中的记录逐次进行取出并进行处理,完成一个出队的流程。

应用场景

  数据冗余:比如订单系统,后续需要严格的进行数据转换和记录,消息队列可以把这些数据持久化的存储在队列中,然后有订单,后续处理程序进行获取,后续处理完之后在把这条记录进行删除来保证每一条记录都能够处理完成。

  系统解耦:使用消息系统之后,入队系统和出队系统是分开的,也就说只要一天崩溃了,不会影响另外一台系统正常运转。

  流量削峰:例如秒杀和抢购,我们可以配合缓存来使用消息队列,能够有效的顶住瞬间访问量,防止服务器承受不住导致崩溃。

  异步通信:消息本身使用入队之后可以直接返回。

  扩展性:例如订单队列,不仅可以处理订单,还可以给其他业务使用。

  排序保证:有些场景需要按照产品的顺序进行处理比如单进单出从而保证数据按照一定的顺序处理,使用消息队列是可以的。

以上都是消息队列常见的使用场景,当然消息队列只是一个中间件,可以配合其他产品进行使用。

常见队列实现优缺点

  队列介质

    1、数据库,例如mysql(可靠性高,易实现,速度慢)

    2、缓存, 例如redis (速度快,单个消息报包过大时效率低)

    3、消息系统,例如rabbitMq (专业性强,可靠,学习成本高)

  消息处理触发机制

    1、死循环方式读取:易实现,故障时无法及时恢复;(比较适合做秒杀,比较集中,运维集中维护)

    2、定时任务:压力均分,有处理上限;目前比较流行的处理触发机制。(唯一的缺点是间隔和数据需要注意,不要等上一个任务没有完成下一个任务又开始了)

    3、守护进程:类似于php-fpm 和php-cg,需要shell基础

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