SQLite Group By
SQLite 的 GROUP BY 子句用于与 SELECT 语句一起使用，来对相同的数据进行分组。
在 SELECT 语句中，GROUP BY 子句放在 WHERE 子句之后，放在 ORDER BY 子句之前。
语法
下面给出了 GROUP BY 子句的基本语法。GROUP BY 子句必须放在 WHERE 子句中的条件之后，必须放在 ORDER BY 子句之前。
SELECT column-list
FROM table_name
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2....columnN
ORDER BY column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE [ conditions ]
GROUP BY column1, column2....columnN
ORDER BY column1, column2....columnN
您可以在 GROUP BY 子句中使用多个列。确保您使用的分组列在列清单中。
实例
假设 COMPANY 表有以下记录：
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 Paul 32 California 20000.0
2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0
3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0
4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0
5 David 27 Texas 85000.0
6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0
7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 Paul 32 California 20000.0
2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0
3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0
4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0
5 David 27 Texas 85000.0
6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0
7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
如果您想了解每个客户的工资总额，则可使用 GROUP BY 查询，如下所示：
sqlite> SELECT NAME, SUM(SALARY) FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME;
这将产生以下结果：
NAME SUM(SALARY)
---------- -----------
Allen 15000.0
David 85000.0
James 10000.0
Kim 45000.0
Mark 65000.0
Paul 20000.0
Teddy 20000.0
---------- -----------
Allen 15000.0
David 85000.0
James 10000.0
Kim 45000.0
Mark 65000.0
Paul 20000.0
Teddy 20000.0
现在，让我们使用下面的 INSERT 语句在 COMPANY 表中另外创建三个记录：
INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (8, 'Paul', 24, 'Houston', 20000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (9, 'James', 44, 'Norway', 5000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (10, 'James', 45, 'Texas', 5000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (9, 'James', 44, 'Norway', 5000.00 );
INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (10, 'James', 45, 'Texas', 5000.00 );
现在，我们的表具有重复名称的记录，如下所示：
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 Paul 32 California 20000.0
2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0
3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0
4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0
5 David 27 Texas 85000.0
6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0
7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
8 Paul 24 Houston 20000.0
9 James 44 Norway 5000.0
10 James 45 Texas 5000.0
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 Paul 32 California 20000.0
2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0
3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0
4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0
5 David 27 Texas 85000.0
6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0
7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
8 Paul 24 Houston 20000.0
9 James 44 Norway 5000.0
10 James 45 Texas 5000.0
让我们用同样的 GROUP BY 语句来对所有记录按 NAME 列进行分组，如下所示：
sqlite> SELECT NAME, SUM(SALARY) FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME ORDER BY NAME;
这将产生以下结果：
NAME SUM(SALARY)
---------- -----------
Allen 15000
David 85000
James 20000
Kim 45000
Mark 65000
Paul 40000
Teddy 20000
---------- -----------
Allen 15000
David 85000
James 20000
Kim 45000
Mark 65000
Paul 40000
Teddy 20000
让我们把 ORDER BY 子句与 GROUP BY 子句一起使用，如下所示：
sqlite> SELECT NAME, SUM(SALARY)
FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME ORDER BY NAME DESC;
FROM COMPANY GROUP BY NAME ORDER BY NAME DESC;
这将产生以下结果：
NAME SUM(SALARY)
---------- -----------
Teddy 20000
Paul 40000
Mark 65000
Kim 45000
James 20000
David 85000
Allen 15000
---------- -----------
Teddy 20000
Paul 40000
Mark 65000
Kim 45000
James 20000
David 85000
Allen 15000
