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博客列表 >使用阿里云镜像站NTP服务搭建NTP服务器（基于CentOS 7系统）

使用阿里云镜像站NTP服务搭建NTP服务器（基于CentOS 7系统）

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2022年01月14日 10:42:51731浏览

镜像下载、域名解析、时间同步请点击 阿里云开源镜像站

一、NTP服务器介绍

网络时间协议（Network Time Protocol，NTP）服务器，也就是日常所说的NTP服务器，用来提供同步时间服务。在生产环境中，很多人都会忽略时间问题，实际上服务器、网络设备等，特别是Linux操作系统和虚拟化平台的时间不同步会导致很多问题。那么搭建一台NTP服务器就非常重要，生产环境中的设备可以直接与NTP服务器进行时间同步，NTP服务器本身也可以访问互连的NTP服务器进行同步。NTP服务器可以是物理服务器，也可以是虚拟机。

二、安装NTP服务组件

在Linux服务器（如，CentOS、Ubuntu等操作系统）上，使用命令进行安装。
本实验以CentOS 7 Linux环境进行演示操作记录。

YUM源已更新成阿里云开源镜像站里的CentOS镜像，加速快捷访问。

  1. [root@ntp ~]# yum clean all
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Cleaning repos: base extras updates
  4. Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
  5. [root@ntp ~]# yum repolist
  6. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  7. Determining fastest mirrors
  8.  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
  9.  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  10.  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  11. base                                                                                      | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
  12. extras                                                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  13. updates                                                                                   | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
  14. (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz                                                             | 153 kB  00:00:00     
  15. (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                         | 243 kB  00:00:00     
  16. (3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                        |  12 MB  00:00:01     
  17. (4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                           | 6.1 MB  00:00:03     
  18. repo id                                   repo name                                                        status
  19. base/7/x86_64                             CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com                             10,072
  20. extras/7/x86_64                           CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com                              500
  21. updates/7/x86_64                          CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com                           2,963
  22. repolist: 13,535
  23. [root@ntp ~]#

执行yum install -y ntp命令，进行ntp组件安装。

  1. [root@ntp ~]# yum install -y ntp
  2. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  3. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  4.  * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
  5.  * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
  6.  * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  7. Resolving Dependencies
  8. --> Running transaction check
  9. ---> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will be installed
  10. --> Processing Dependency: ntpdate = 4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64
  11. --> Processing Dependency: libopts.so.25()(64bit) for package: ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64
  12. --> Running transaction check
  13. ---> Package autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7 will be installed
  14. ---> Package ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will be installed
  15. --> Finished Dependency Resolution
  17. Dependencies Resolved
  19. =================================================================================================================
  20.  Package                      Arch                Version                                Repository         Size
  21. =================================================================================================================
  22. Installing:
  23.  ntp                          x86_64              4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2                base              549 k
  24. Installing for dependencies:
  25.  autogen-libopts              x86_64              5.18-5.el7                             base               66 k
  26.  ntpdate                      x86_64              4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2                base               87 k
  28. Transaction Summary
  29. =================================================================================================================
  30. Install  1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
  32. Total download size: 701 k
  33. Installed size: 1.6 M
  34. Downloading packages:
  35. (1/3): autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                              |  66 kB  00:00:00     
  36. (2/3): ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64.rpm                                         |  87 kB  00:00:00     
  37. (3/3): ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64.rpm                                             | 549 kB  00:00:00     
  38. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  39. Total                                                                            1.7 MB/s | 701 kB  00:00:00     
  40. Running transaction check
  41. Running transaction test
  42. Transaction test succeeded
  43. Running transaction
  44.   Installing : autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64                                                             1/3 
  45.   Installing : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64                                                        2/3 
  46.   Installing : ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64                                                            3/3 
  47.   Verifying  : ntpdate-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64                                                        1/3 
  48.   Verifying  : ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64                                                            2/3 
  49.   Verifying  : autogen-libopts-5.18-5.el7.x86_64                                                             3/3 
  51. Installed:
  52.   ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2                                                                           
  54. Dependency Installed:
  55.   autogen-libopts.x86_64 0:5.18-5.el7                  ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2                 
  57. Complete!
  58. [root@ntp ~]#

三、配置阿里云镜像站NTP服务

配置之前，测试服务器是否能够访问到阿里云NTP服务器。

ping ntp.aliyun.com -c 5

file

修改/etc/ntp.conf配置文件。

注释掉原来配置文件中的NTP服务器地址，添加阿里云NTP服务器地址。

file

  1. [root@ntp ~]# vi /etc/ntp.conf
  2. [root@ntp ~]# cat /etc/ntp.conf
  3. # For more information about this file, see the man pages
  4. # ntp.conf(5), ntp_acc(5), ntp_auth(5), ntp_clock(5), ntp_misc(5), ntp_mon(5).
  6. driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift
  8. # Permit time synchronization with our time source, but do not
  9. # permit the source to query or modify the service on this system.
  10. restrict default nomodify notrap nopeer noquery
  12. # Permit all access over the loopback interface.  This could
  13. # be tightened as well, but to do so would effect some of
  14. # the administrative functions.
  15. restrict 127.0.0.1 
  16. restrict ::1
  18. # Hosts on local network are less restricted.
  19. #restrict 192.168.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify notrap
  21. # Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
  22. # Please consider joining the pool (http://www.pool.ntp.org/join.html).
  23. #server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
  24. #server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
  25. #server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
  26. #server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
  27. server ntp.aliyun.com
  29. #broadcast 192.168.1.255 autokey    # broadcast server
  30. #broadcastclient            # broadcast client
  31. #broadcast 224.0.1.1 autokey        # multicast server
  32. #multicastclient 224.0.1.1        # multicast client
  33. #manycastserver 239.255.254.254        # manycast server
  34. #manycastclient 239.255.254.254 autokey # manycast client
  36. # Enable public key cryptography.
  37. #crypto
  39. includefile /etc/ntp/crypto/pw
  41. # Key file containing the keys and key identifiers used when operating
  42. # with symmetric key cryptography. 
  43. keys /etc/ntp/keys
  45. # Specify the key identifiers which are trusted.
  46. #trustedkey 4 8 42
  48. # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpdc utility.
  49. #requestkey 8
  51. # Specify the key identifier to use with the ntpq utility.
  52. #controlkey 8
  54. # Enable writing of statistics records.
  55. #statistics clockstats cryptostats loopstats peerstats
  57. # Disable the monitoring facility to prevent amplification attacks using ntpdc
  58. # monlist command when default restrict does not include the noquery flag. See
  59. # CVE-2013-5211 for more details.
  60. # Note: Monitoring will not be disabled with the limited restriction flag.
  61. disable monitor
  62. [root@ntp ~]#

四、启动NTP服务

启动ntp服务
systemctl start ntpd
设置ntp服务开机自启动
systemctl enable ntpd
查看ntp服务是否正常
systemctl status ntpd

  1. [root@ntp ~]# systemctl start ntpd
  2. [root@ntp ~]# systemctl enable ntpd
  3. Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.
  4. [root@ntp ~]# systemctl status ntpd
  5. ● ntpd.service - Network Time Service
  6.    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  7.    Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-11-28 19:06:34 CST; 23h left
  8.  Main PID: 1988 (ntpd)
  9.    CGroup: /system.slice/ntpd.service
  10.            └─1988 /usr/sbin/ntpd -u ntp:ntp -g
  12. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listen normally on 3 ens32 192.168.1.50 UDP 123
  13. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listen normally on 4 lo ::1 UDP 123
  14. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listen normally on 5 ens32 fe80::e4b:3ef:613c:8741 UDP 123
  15. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: Listening on routing socket on fd #22 for interface updates
  16. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c016 06 restart
  17. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c012 02 freq_set kernel 0.000 PPM
  18. Nov 28 19:06:34 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c011 01 freq_not_set
  19. Nov 28 19:09:51 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c61c 0c clock_step -86398.982768 s
  20. Nov 27 19:09:52 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c614 04 freq_mode
  21. Nov 27 19:09:53 ntp ntpd[1988]: 0.0.0.0 c618 08 no_sys_peer
  22. [root@ntp ~]#

五、查看NTP源

ntpq -p

file

即[203.107.6.88]地址为阿里云NTP服务器的IP地址。

file

[root@ntp ~]# ntpq -p

  1.  remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter

==============================================================================
203.107.6.88 100.107.25.114 2 u 56 64 7 13.685 -0.002 0.415

六、查看NTP服务状态

  1. # 输出如下内容，表示在同步中，需要耐心等待一下
  2. [root@ntp ~]# ntpstat
  3. unsynchronised
  4.   time server re-starting
  5.    polling server every 8 s
  7. # 输出如下内容，表示同步成功
  8. [root@ntp ~]# ntpstat
  9. synchronised to NTP server (203.107.6.88) at stratum 3
  10.    time correct to within 958 ms
  11.    polling server every 64 s

file

七、将客户端与NTP服务器同步

file

  1. [root@client ~]# ntpdate -d 192.168.1.50
  2. 28 Nov 19:37:54 ntpdate[2880]: ntpdate 4.2.6p5@1.2349-o Tue Jun 23 15:38:19 UTC 2020 (1)
  3. Looking for host 192.168.1.50 and service ntp
  4. host found : 192.168.1.50
  5. transmit(192.168.1.50)
  6. receive(192.168.1.50)
  7. transmit(192.168.1.50)
  8. receive(192.168.1.50)
  9. transmit(192.168.1.50)
  10. receive(192.168.1.50)
  11. transmit(192.168.1.50)
  12. receive(192.168.1.50)
  13. server 192.168.1.50, port 123
  14. stratum 3, precision -25, leap 00, trust 000
  15. refid [192.168.1.50], delay 0.02652, dispersion 0.00000
  16. transmitted 4, in filter 4
  17. reference time:    e54c9534.6f868aa9  Sat, Nov 27 2021 19:29:56.435
  18. originate timestamp: e54c9719.4617ce7f  Sat, Nov 27 2021 19:38:01.273
  19. transmit timestamp:  e54de898.b45bc870  Sun, Nov 28 2021 19:38:00.704
  20. filter delay:  0.02658  0.02655  0.02652  0.02660 
  21.          0.00000  0.00000  0.00000  0.00000 
  22. filter offset: -86399.4 -86399.4 -86399.4 -86399.4
  23.          0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
  24. delay 0.02652, dispersion 0.00000
  25. offset -86399.431479
  27. 28 Nov 19:38:00 ntpdate[2880]: step time server 192.168.1.50 offset -86399.431479 sec
  28. [root@client ~]#

八、将系统时间同步到硬件

  1. [root@client ~]# hwclock -w
  2. [root@client ~]# date
  3. Sun Nov 28 19:39:10 CST 2021

本文转自：https://developer.aliyun.com/article/831625

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