C语言编写的Python模块加载时提示.so中的函数未找到？

Question

我尝试通过C语言编写一个Python的模块，但是我的C程序本身又依赖于一个第三方的库（libwiringPi.so），当我在Python源程序中import我生成的库时，会提示函数未定义，这些函数都是那个第三方库里的，我应该怎样编译才能让我编译出的模块可以动态链接那个库？

我也尝试过使用gcc手动编译动态链接库，然后用ctyes，但是报一样的错误；生成模块的C代码和setup.py代码都是基于Python源码包中的demo程序。

我的C程序代码

/* Example of embedding Python in another program */

#include "python2.7/Python.h"
#include <wiringPi.h>

void initdht11(void); /* Forward */

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    /* Initialize the Python interpreter.  Required. */
    Py_Initialize();

    /* Add a static module */
    initdht11();

    /* Exit, cleaning up the interpreter */
    Py_Exit(0);
    return 0;
}

/* A static module */

/* 'self' is not used */
static PyObject *
dht11_foo(PyObject *self, PyObject* args)
{
    wiringPiSetup();
    return PyInt_FromLong(42L);
}

static PyMethodDef dht11_methods[] = {
    {"foo",             dht11_foo,      METH_NOARGS,
     "Return the meaning of everything."},
    {NULL,              NULL}           /* sentinel */
};

void
initdht11(void)
{
    PyImport_AddModule("dht11");
    Py_InitModule("dht11", dht11_methods);
}

setup.py

from distutils.core import setup, Extension

dht11module = Extension('dht11',
                    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib'],
                    include_dirs = ['/usr/include'],
                    sources = ['math.c'])

setup (name = 'dht11',
       version = '1.0',
       description = 'This is a demo package',
       author = 'Martin v. Loewis',
       author_email = 'martin@v.loewis.de',
       url = 'https://docs.python.org/extending/building',
       long_description = '''
This is really just a demo package.
''',
       ext_modules = [dht11module])

错误信息

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test.py", line 1, in <module>
    import dht11
ImportError: /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dht11.so: undefined symbol: wiringPiSetup

Answer 1

哎，早上醒来突然想到，赶紧试了一下。

出现这个问题是因为在编译的时候需要加 -lwiringPi 选项来引用这个库，但是我仔细看了以下执行 python setup.py build 之后执行的编译命令，根本就没有加这个选项，解决方式很简单，只需要修改一下setup.py，在Extension里面加上 libraries = ['wiringPi'] 这个参数就行了，修改后的setup.py变成如下样子

from distutils.core import setup, Extension

dht11module = Extension('dht11',
                    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib'], #指定库的目录
                    include_dirs = ['/usr/include'], #制定头文件的目录
                    libraries = ['wiringPi'], #指定库的名称
                    sources = ['math.c'])

setup (name = 'dht11',
       version = '1.0',
       description = 'This is a demo package',
       author = 'Martin v. Loewis',
       author_email = 'martin@v.loewis.de',
       url = 'https://docs.python.org/extending/building',
       long_description = '''
This is really just a demo package.
''',
       ext_modules = [dht11module])