使用Python对数组进行波形排序-Python教程-PHP中文网

首页

后端开发

Python教程

使用Python对数组进行波形排序

王林

Sep 15, 2023 pm 08:45 PM

python数组波形排序

使用Python对数组进行波形排序

在本文中，我们将学习一个Python程序，用于对数组进行波形排序。

假设我们有一个未排序的输入数组。我们现在将以波形的方式对输入数组进行排序。如果数组 'arr [0..n-1]' 满足 arr [0] >= arr [1] = arr [3] = .....，则该数组被排序为波形。

Methods Used

以下是用于完成此任务的各种方法 &miinus;

使用内置的sort()函数
Without Using Built-in functions

Method 1: Using the Built-in sort() function

算法（步骤）

Following are the Algorithms/steps to be followed to perform the desired task. −

创建一个函数来按照波形对输入数组进行排序，接受输入数组和数组长度作为参数。
Use the sort() function(sorts the list in ascending/descending order ) to sort the input array in ascending order.
Use the for loop to traverse till the array length alternatively(step=2)
Swap the adjacent elements i.e, current and its next using the ‘,’ operator.
Create a variable to store the input array.
使用 len() 函数（返回对象中的项目数）来获取输入数组的长度。
Call the above-defined sortingInWaveform() function by passing the input array, and length of the array as arguments
使用for循环遍历数组的所有元素
Print the current element of an array.

Example

The following program sorts the input array in waveform using the python Built-in sort() function −

# creating a function to sort the array in waveform by accepting
# the input array, array length as arguments
def sortingInWaveform(inputArray, arrayLength):
   # sorting the input array in ascending order using the sort() function
   inputArray.sort()
   # travsersing till the array length alternatively(step=2)
   for k in range(0, arrayLength-1, 2):
         # swapping the adjacent elements i.e, current and it's next
         inputArray[k], inputArray[k+1] = inputArray[k+1], inputArray[k]
# input array
inputArray = [12, 45, 15, 4, 6, 70, 68, 3, 25]
# getting the length of the input array
arrayLength = len(inputArray)
# printing the given array/list
print("The Given list is:", inputArray)
# calling the above defined sortingInWaveform() function by
# passing input array, length of the array as arguments
sortingInWaveform(inputArray, arrayLength)
print("The Result Array after sorting in wave form is:")
# traversing through all the elements of the array
for k in range(0, arrayLength):
   # printing the current element of the array/list
      print(inputArray[k], end=" ")

Output

On execution, the above program will generate the following output &miinus;

The Given list is: [12, 45, 15, 4, 6, 70, 68, 3, 25]
The Result Array after sorting in wave form is:
4 3 12 6 25 15 68 45 70

Time complexity − O(nLogn).

Here, the array that was given was sorted using the sort function, which typically has an O(NlogN) time complexity.

如果应用O(nLogn)的排序算法，如Merge Sort，Heap Sort等，上述给出的方法的时间复杂度为O(nLogn)。

方法2：只使用一个循环

算法（步骤）

Following are the Algorithms/steps to be followed to perform the desired task. −

Use the for loop to traverse through all the even index elements by passing 0, array length, and step value as arguments
使用if条件语句来检查当前偶数索引元素是否小于前一个元素。
Swap the elements if the condition is true.
使用 if 条件语句 来检查当前偶数索引元素是否小于下一个元素。
Swap the elements if the condition is true.
Call the above-defined sortingInWaveform() function by passing the input array, and length of the array as arguments
使用for循环遍历数组的元素。
Print the corresponding element of the array/list.

Example

The following program sorts the input array in wave form using only one for loop and without Built-in functions −

# creating a function to sort the array in waveform by accepting
# the input array, array length as arguments
def sortingInWaveform(inputArray, arrayLength):
   # traversing through all the even index elements
   for p in range(0, arrayLength, 2):
      # checking whether the current even index element
      # is smaller than the previous
      if (p > 0 and inputArray[p] < inputArray[p-1]):
         # swapping the elements if the condition is true
            inputArray[p], inputArray[p-1] = inputArray[p-1], inputArray[p]
            # checking whether the current even index element
            # is smaller than the next element
      if (p < arrayLength-1 and inputArray[p] < inputArray[p+1]):
         # swapping the elements if the condition is true
            inputArray[p], inputArray[p+1] = inputArray[p+1], inputArray[p]
# input array
inputArray = [12, 45, 15, 4, 6, 70, 68, 3, 25]
# getting the length of the input array
arrayLength = len(inputArray)
print("The Given list is:", inputArray)
# calling the above defined sortingInWaveform() function by
# passing input array, length of the array as arguments
sortingInWaveform(inputArray, arrayLength)
print("The Result Array after sorting in wave form is:")
# traversing through all the elements of the array
for k in range(0, arrayLength):
   # printing the current element
   print(inputArray[k], end=" ")

Output

执行上述程序后，将生成以下输出 -

The Given list is: [12, 45, 15, 4, 6, 70, 68, 3, 25]
The Result Array after sorting in wave form is:
45 12 15 4 70 6 68 3 25

时间复杂度 - O(n)。

Here, we didn't use the sort function; instead, we just used the for loop to iterate through the elements of the given array, which, on average, has O(N) time complexity.