当覆盖超类方法时,如果该方法抛出异常,您需要遵循一定的规则。
如果超类方法抛出某个异常,子类中的方法应该抛出相同的异常或者它的子类型。
在下面的示例中,超类的readFile()方法抛出了IOException异常,而子类的readFile()方法抛出了FileNotFoundException异常。
由于FileNotFoundException异常是IOException的子类型,所以该程序可以在没有任何错误的情况下编译和执行。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public String readFile(String path) throws IOException { throw new IOException(); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { @Override public String readFile(String path) throws FileNotFoundException { Scanner sc = new Scanner(new File("E://test//sample.txt")); String input; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while (sc.hasNextLine()) { input = sc.nextLine(); sb.append(" "+input); } return sb.toString(); } public static void main(String args[]) { String path = "E://test//sample.txt"; ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); try { System.out.println(obj.readFile(path)); }catch(FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("Make sure the specified file exists"); } } }
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同样,如果子类抛出与超类相同的异常,则程序将成功编译并执行。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of superclass"); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of Subclass"); } public static void main(String args[]) { ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); obj.sampleMethod(); } }
Method of Subclass
如果超类方法抛出某个异常,子类中的方法不应该抛出其超类。
在下面的示例中,超类的readFile()方法抛出FileNotFoundException异常,而子类的readFile()方法抛出IOException异常,后者是FileNotFoundException的超类。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public String readFile(String path)throws FileNotFoundException { throw new FileNotFoundException(); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { @Override public String readFile(String path)throws IOException { //method body ...... } }
编译时,上面的程序给出以下输出 -
ExceptionsExample.java:13: error: readFile(String) in ExceptionsExample cannot override readFile(String) in Sup public String readFile(String path)throws IOException { ^ overridden method does not throw IOException 1 error
如果父类方法抛出某些异常,你可以在重写时不抛出任何异常。
在下面的示例中,父类的sampleMethod()方法抛出FileNotFoundException异常,而子类的sampleMethod()方法根本不抛出任何异常。尽管如此,该程序可以编译和执行而不会出现任何错误。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Scanner; abstract class Super { public void sampleMethod()throws FileNotFoundException { System.out.println("Method of superclass"); } } public class ExceptionsExample extends Super { public void sampleMethod() { System.out.println("Method of Subclass"); } public static void main(String args[]) { ExceptionsExample obj = new ExceptionsExample(); obj.sampleMethod(); } }
Method of Subclass
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