如何在 CentOS 7 上安装和配置 MS SQL（测试版）

在本文中，我们将学习如何在CentOS 7上安装和配置MS SQL。微软最近宣布他们计划发布适用于Linux的MS SQL。特别是适用于RedHat企业版Linux、CentOS和Ubuntu的beta版本，但仅适用于64位版本。

先决条件

• 一台至少拥有4GB RAM和30GB硬盘空间的机器。
• 一台已安装CentOS 7的机器。
• 具有root权限或root用户的用户。

在CentOS上安装MS SQL Server

由于默认的CentOS仓库中没有MS SQL可用，我们需要将MS SQL仓库的详细信息添加到本地yum仓库中。

为了使用命令行安装MS SQL Server，我们需要将仓库添加到本地yum仓库中。

# curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 220 100 220 0 0 257 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 257

更新存储库后，我们将运行以下命令来安装 MS-SQL 服务器

# yum update
# yum install -y mssql-server
…
…
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.1.246-6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: bzip2 for package: mssql-server-14.0.1.246-6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gdb for package: mssql-server-14.0.1.246-6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed
---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.6.1-80.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================
Installing:
mssql-server x86_64 14.0.1.246-6 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server 138 M
Installing for dependencies:
bzip2 x86_64 1.0.6-13.el7 base 52 k
gdb x86_64 7.6.1-80.el7 base 2.4 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)
…
…
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Please run /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr-setup to complete the setup of |
| Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R). |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.1.246-6.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : gdb-7.6.1-80.el7.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 3/3
Installed:
mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.1.246-6
Dependency Installed:
bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 gdb.x86_64 0:7.6.1-80.el7
Complete!

配置MS SQL SA帐户

安装完成后，我们将运行sqlservr-setup脚本来设置SA的密码；我们需要为 SA 帐户提供一个强密码（至少 8 个字符、小写和大写字母以及 1 到 10 的数字或任何非字母数字字符）

# sudo /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr-setup
Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Setup
You can abort setup at any time by pressing Ctrl-C. Start this program
with the --help option for information about running it in unattended
mode.
Please enter a password for the system administrator (SA) account:
Please confirm the password for the system administrator (SA) account:
Setting a password for the system administrator (SA) account
Do you wish to start the SQL Server service now? [y/n]: Y
Do you wish to enable SQL Server to start on boot? [y/n]: y
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mssql-server-telemetry.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server-telemetry.service.
Setup completed successfully.

配置完成后，我们将重新启动MS SQL服务，并使用以下命令查看服务的状态：

重新启动服务

# systemctl start mssql-server

查看服务的状态

# systemctl status mssql-server
mssql-server.service - Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R) Database EngineLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2016-12-02 15:52:33 IST; 5min ago
Main PID: 2299 (sqlservr)
CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service
├─2299 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
└─2307 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr
Dec 02 15:52:37 localhost.localdomain sqlservr[2299]: 2016-12-02 10:22:37.31 spid17s....
Dec 02 15:52:37 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: [/usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-ser...'
Dec 02 15:52:37 localhost.localdomain sqlservr[2299]: 2016-12-02 10:22:37.53 spid6s ....
..
..
Dec 02 15:57:40 localhost.localdomain sqlservr[2299]: 2016-12-02 10:27:40.21 spid51 ...'
Dec 02 15:57:43 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Microsoft(R) SQL Server(R)....Hint: Some lines were eclipsed, use -l to show in full.

打开 MS SQL 的防火墙

我们需要打开防火墙设置，以便可以访问 MS SQL，以下是打开防火墙的命令

# sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent
# sudo firewall-cmd –reload

安装 MS SQL 工具

我们需要下载 Microsoft 仓库。

# curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo > /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
100 193 100 193 0 0 213 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 213

一旦将存储库安装在本地机器上，我们可以使用以下命令安装MS SQL工具：

# yum install mssql-tools
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
packages-microsoft-com-prod | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
packages-microsoft-com-prod/primary_db | 4.6 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.digipower.vn
* extras: mirror.digistar.vn
* updates: mirror.digistar.vn
Resolving Dependencies
========================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================
Installing:
mssql-tools x86_64 14.0.1.246-1 packages-microsoft-com-prod 249 k
Installing for dependencies:
libtool-ltdl x86_64 2.4.2-21.el7_2 updates 49 k
msodbcsql x86_64 13.0.1.0-1 packages-microsoft-com-prod 3.8 M
unixODBC-utf16 x86_64 2.3.1-1 packages-microsoft-com-prod 329 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 4.5 M
Installed size: 4.5 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: ^CN
Exiting on user command
Your transaction was saved, rerun it with:
yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2016-12-02.17-18.RpEVqg.yumtx
Do you accept the license terms? (Enter YES or NO)YES
Installing : msodbcsql-13.0.1.0-1.x86_64 3/4
The license terms for this product can be downloaded from
http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=746949 and found in
/usr/share/doc/mssql-tools/LICENSE.txt . By entering 'YES,'
you indicate that you accept the license terms.
Do you accept the license terms? (Enter YES or NO)YES
Dependency Installed:
libtool-ltdl.x86_64 0:2.4.2-21.el7_2 msodbcsql.x86_64 0:13.0.1.0-1
unixODBC-utf16.x86_64 0:2.3.1-1
Complete!

连接到 Linux 上的 SQL Server

在计算机上安装工具后，我们将测试以下命令和一般语法以连接到 MS SQL Server。

语法

# sqlcmd &ndash;S IP-ADDRESS &ndash;U SA &ndash;P &lsquo;<YOUR SYSTEM PASSWORD&rsquo;
# sqlcmd sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P Test@1234
1>CREATE DATABASE TEST1;
2>GO;
3>quit

在上面的文章中，我们学习了 – 如何安装 MS SQL Server、MS SQL 命令行工具来连接到服务器。我们还学习了 – 如何更改或设置 MS SQL 的 SA 帐户密码。

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