我最近与我的一位客户合作,她在她的工作领域担任专业顾问。她问我是否可以实施一个问答系统,确切地说是一个常见问题解答页面。我说,“当然,我们可以创建一个页面,然后用不同的样式粘贴问题和答案”,但她说她会创建不同的页面并对问题和答案进行分类,为了更有条理,她需要一个不同的方法。
为此,我将向您展示如何使用自定义帖子类型、分类法和短代码,通过几行简单的代码来处理她的请求。
建立常见问题解答系统需要什么?
让我们首先创建自定义帖子类型。
当然,我们首先会为常见问题解答项目设置自定义帖子类型。我们将在 register_post_type()
函数的帮助下创建一个新的自定义帖子类型,但是如果您想要一个用于创建帖子类型的 GUI,您可以使用GenerateWP 的帖子类型生成器工具生成它,就像我在这个例子:
<?php if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_cpt' ) ) { // register custom post type function tuts_faq_cpt() { // these are the labels in the admin interface, edit them as you like $labels = array( 'name' => _x( 'FAQs', 'Post Type General Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ', 'Post Type Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ', 'tuts_faq' ), 'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Item:', 'tuts_faq' ), 'all_items' => __( 'All Items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'view_item' => __( 'View Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_new' => __( 'Add New', 'tuts_faq' ), 'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'update_item' => __( 'Update Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'search_items' => __( 'Search Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'not_found' => __( 'Not found', 'tuts_faq' ), 'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'Not found in Trash', 'tuts_faq' ), ); $args = array( // use the labels above 'labels' => $labels, // we'll only need the title, the Visual editor and the excerpt fields for our post type 'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'excerpt', ), // we're going to create this taxonomy in the next section, but we need to link our post type to it now 'taxonomies' => array( 'tuts_faq_tax' ), // make it public so we can see it in the admin panel and show it in the front-end 'public' => true, // show the menu item under the Pages item 'menu_position' => 20, // show archives, if you don't need the shortcode 'has_archive' => true, ); register_post_type( 'tuts_faq', $args ); } // hook into the 'init' action add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_cpt', 0 ); } ?>
提示:如果您的项目将涉及更多自定义帖子类型,这些类型可能比这个简单的常见问题解答帖子类型更复杂,我可以推荐一个名为 SuperCPT 的酷工具,它允许您创建新帖子类型具有更简单的代码。我也写了一篇关于SuperCPT的教程,你可以在这里查看。
为了区分不同类型的问题(例如我的客户关于流产和产后抑郁症的问题和答案),我们需要一个类别系统。正如你们许多人已经知道的那样,WordPress 通过自定义分类法提供了此功能。
这里的基本函数是 register_taxonomy()
但同样,如果您需要图形界面,您可以使用GenerateWP 的分类生成器工具。
代码如下:
<?php if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_tax' ) ) { // register custom taxonomy function tuts_faq_tax() { // again, labels for the admin panel $labels = array( 'name' => _x( 'FAQ Categories', 'Taxonomy General Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ Category', 'Taxonomy Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ Categories', 'tuts_faq' ), 'all_items' => __( 'All FAQ Cats', 'tuts_faq' ), 'parent_item' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat:', 'tuts_faq' ), 'new_item_name' => __( 'New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'edit_item' => __( 'Edit FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'update_item' => __( 'Update FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate items with commas', 'tuts_faq' ), 'search_items' => __( 'Search Items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'not_found' => __( 'Not Found', 'tuts_faq' ), ); $args = array( // use the labels above 'labels' => $labels, // taxonomy should be hierarchial so we can display it like a category section 'hierarchical' => true, // again, make the taxonomy public (like the post type) 'public' => true, ); // the contents of the array below specifies which post types should the taxonomy be linked to register_taxonomy( 'tuts_faq_tax', array( 'tuts_faq' ), $args ); } // hook into the 'init' action add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_tax', 0 ); } ?>
就是这样!现在您有了一个常见问题解答帖子类型,其中的分类法称为“常见问题解答类别”,相互链接!检查您的管理面板,您将在“常见问题解答”下看到“常见问题解答类别”菜单项。
就像常规帖子类别一样,您可以在“常见问题解答类别”页面中添加、编辑或删除它们,也可以在编写新的常见问题解答项目时添加新类别。
[faq]
简码有趣的部分来了:构建短代码。 (如果您读过我之前的帖子,您就会知道我是 WordPress 短代码的忠实粉丝。)我们基本上会将常见问题解答项目嵌入到帖子和页面中。
接下来会发生什么:
让我们开始构建短代码。与上面的代码一样,我将添加一些有用的注释:
<?php if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ) ) { function tuts_faq_shortcode( $atts ) { extract( shortcode_atts( array( // category slug attribute - defaults to blank 'category' => '', // full content or excerpt attribute - defaults to full content 'excerpt' => 'false', ), $atts ) ); $output = ''; // set the query arguments $query_args = array( // show all posts matching this query 'posts_per_page' => -1, // show the 'tuts_faq' custom post type 'post_type' => 'tuts_faq', // show the posts matching the slug of the FAQ category specified with the shortcode's attribute 'tax_query' => array( array( 'taxonomy' => 'tuts_faq_tax', 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => $category, ) ), // tell WordPress that it doesn't need to count total rows - this little trick reduces load on the database if you don't need pagination 'no_found_rows' => true, ); // get the posts with our query arguments $faq_posts = get_posts( $query_args ); $output .= '<div class="tuts-faq">'; // handle our custom loop foreach ( $faq_posts as $post ) { setup_postdata( $post ); $faq_item_title = get_the_title( $post->ID ); $faq_item_permalink = get_permalink( $post->ID ); $faq_item_content = get_the_content(); if( $excerpt == 'true' ) $faq_item_content = get_the_excerpt() . '<a href="' . $faq_item_permalink . '">' . __( 'More...', 'tuts_faq' ) . '</a>'; $output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item">'; $output .= '<h3 class="tuts-faq-item-title">' . $faq_item_title . '</h3>'; $output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item-content">' . $faq_item_content . '</div>'; $output .= '</div>'; } wp_reset_postdata(); $output .= '</div>'; return $output; } add_shortcode( 'faq', 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ); } ?>
就是这样!现在我们有一个简洁的短代码来嵌入我们的问题和答案。您可以使用类名 tuts-faq
、tuts-faq-item
、tuts-faq-item-title
和 tuts-faq-item-content
对其进行样式设置。不过,即使您不包含额外的样式,也应该没问题。
由于这些代码不仅涉及前端样式,还引入新功能,因此它算作插件领域。这就是为什么我们必须将代码保存为插件。当我们这样做时,我们还应该在激活和停用时刷新重写规则。
完整代码如下:
<?php /* Plugin Name: Simple FAQ System Plugin URI: http://code.tutsplus.com/ Description: Helps you create an FAQ section for your WordPress website. Shortcode usage: <code>[faq]</code> Version: 1.0 Author: Barış Ünver Author URI: http://hub.tutsplus.com/authors/baris-unver License: Public Domain */ if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_cpt' ) ) { // register custom post type function tuts_faq_cpt() { // these are the labels in the admin interface, edit them as you like $labels = array( 'name' => _x( 'FAQs', 'Post Type General Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ', 'Post Type Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ', 'tuts_faq' ), 'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Item:', 'tuts_faq' ), 'all_items' => __( 'All Items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'view_item' => __( 'View Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_new' => __( 'Add New', 'tuts_faq' ), 'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'update_item' => __( 'Update Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'search_items' => __( 'Search Item', 'tuts_faq' ), 'not_found' => __( 'Not found', 'tuts_faq' ), 'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'Not found in Trash', 'tuts_faq' ), ); $args = array( // use the labels above 'labels' => $labels, // we'll only need the title, the Visual editor and the excerpt fields for our post type 'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'excerpt', ), // we're going to create this taxonomy in the next section, but we need to link our post type to it now 'taxonomies' => array( 'tuts_faq_tax' ), // make it public so we can see it in the admin panel and show it in the front-end 'public' => true, // show the menu item under the Pages item 'menu_position' => 20, // show archives, if you don't need the shortcode 'has_archive' => true, ); register_post_type( 'tuts_faq', $args ); } // hook into the 'init' action add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_cpt', 0 ); } if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_tax' ) ) { // register custom taxonomy function tuts_faq_tax() { // again, labels for the admin panel $labels = array( 'name' => _x( 'FAQ Categories', 'Taxonomy General Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ Category', 'Taxonomy Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ), 'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ Categories', 'tuts_faq' ), 'all_items' => __( 'All FAQ Cats', 'tuts_faq' ), 'parent_item' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat:', 'tuts_faq' ), 'new_item_name' => __( 'New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'edit_item' => __( 'Edit FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'update_item' => __( 'Update FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ), 'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate items with commas', 'tuts_faq' ), 'search_items' => __( 'Search Items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used items', 'tuts_faq' ), 'not_found' => __( 'Not Found', 'tuts_faq' ), ); $args = array( // use the labels above 'labels' => $labels, // taxonomy should be hierarchial so we can display it like a category section 'hierarchical' => true, // again, make the taxonomy public (like the post type) 'public' => true, ); // the contents of the array below specifies which post types should the taxonomy be linked to register_taxonomy( 'tuts_faq_tax', array( 'tuts_faq' ), $args ); } // hook into the 'init' action add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_tax', 0 ); } if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ) ) { function tuts_faq_shortcode( $atts ) { extract( shortcode_atts( array( // category slug attribute - defaults to blank 'category' => '', // full content or excerpt attribute - defaults to full content 'excerpt' => 'false', ), $atts ) ); $output = ''; // set the query arguments $query_args = array( // show all posts matching this query 'posts_per_page' => -1, // show the 'tuts_faq' custom post type 'post_type' => 'tuts_faq', // show the posts matching the slug of the FAQ category specified with the shortcode's attribute 'tax_query' => array( array( 'taxonomy' => 'tuts_faq_tax', 'field' => 'slug', 'terms' => $category, ) ), // tell WordPress that it doesn't need to count total rows - this little trick reduces load on the database if you don't need pagination 'no_found_rows' => true, ); // get the posts with our query arguments $faq_posts = get_posts( $query_args ); $output .= '<div class="tuts-faq">'; // handle our custom loop foreach ( $faq_posts as $post ) { setup_postdata( $post ); $faq_item_title = get_the_title( $post->ID ); $faq_item_permalink = get_permalink( $post->ID ); $faq_item_content = get_the_content(); if( $excerpt == 'true' ) $faq_item_content = get_the_excerpt() . '<a href="' . $faq_item_permalink . '">' . __( 'More...', 'tuts_faq' ) . '</a>'; $output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item">'; $output .= '<h2 class="faq-item-title">' . $faq_item_title . '</h2>'; $output .= '<div class="faq-item-content">' . $faq_item_content . '</div>'; $output .= '</div>'; } wp_reset_postdata(); $output .= '</div>'; return $output; } add_shortcode( 'faq', 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ); } function tuts_faq_activate() { tuts_faq_cpt(); flush_rewrite_rules(); } register_activation_hook( __FILE__, 'tuts_faq_activate' ); function tuts_faq_deactivate() { flush_rewrite_rules(); } register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__, 'tuts_faq_deactivate' ); ?>
当我向我的客户展示如何使用它时,她对结果很满意。但在这里,我们可以使用更多功能扩展代码,例如...
posts_per_page
参数来限制帖子数量自定义短代码的查询,并使用 wp_reset_postdata();
代码在行下方添加分页链接所需的代码。请记住删除 'no_found_rows' => true,
行,但如果不删除它,分页将无法工作!posts_per_page
参数从 -1
更改为 1
并添加另一行代码 'orderby' => 'random',
和你'一切顺利!这就是您如何通过使用自定义帖子类型、自定义分类法和短代码在 WordPress 中构建简单的常见问题解答系统。我希望您喜欢本教程,并且可以在下一个项目中使用它。如果您喜欢这篇文章,请不要忘记分享它!
您对改进此常见问题解答系统有什么想法吗?在下面分享您的评论!
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