如何使用CSS使div标签的高度与浏览器窗口的高度相等？-css教程-PHP中文网

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如何使用CSS使div标签的高度与浏览器窗口的高度相等？

王林

Aug 19, 2023 pm 06:01 PM

cssdiv高度

如何使用CSS使div标签的高度与浏览器窗口的高度相等？

When working on web development projects, there are often scenarios where you need to give a div tag the full height of the browser window. This can be particularly useful when creating full-page layouts, hero sections, or elements that need to span the entire vertical space.

However, achieving this desired effect using CSS can be a bit tricky due to the nature of the CSS Box Model and the default behavior of height properties.

在本文中，我们将探讨使用CSS给div标签设置100%浏览器窗口高度的不同技术。我们将讨论各种CSS方法，并为每种技术提供实际的代码示例。

使用 Height: 100%

One approach to giving a div tag 100% height is by using the height: 100% property. However, it's important to note that this approach comes with certain challenges and limitations.

通过在div元素上设置height: 100%，您正在指示它占用父元素高度的100%。当父元素在CSS中明确定义了固定高度时，这种方法效果很好。然而，当涉及到浏览器窗口本身时，html和body元素（div标签的父元素）默认情况下没有固定高度。

为了使div标签填充整个浏览器窗口的高度，您需要确保父元素（html和body）的高度为100%。您可以通过应用以下CSS来实现此目的

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      html, body {
         height: 100%;
         margin: 0;
         padding: 0;
      }   
      .container {
         height: 100%;
         background-color: lightgray;
         display: flex;
         align-items: center;
         justify-content: center;
      }   
      .content {
         width: 300px;
         height: 200px;
         background-color: white;
         border: 1px solid gray;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
      <div class="content">
         <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>
   </div>
</body>
</html>

一旦父元素的高度设置为100％，在目标div标签上设置height: 100％将使其扩展以填充整个浏览器窗口的高度。

然而，在使用这种方法时，有几件事需要考虑 −

滚动− 如果div内的内容超过浏览器窗口的高度，将会出现滚动条以允许滚动内容。
Nested Elements − If the div tag is nested within other elements with percentage-based heights, you need to ensure that all the parent elements have a height of 100% for the approach to work correctly.
Compatibility − Older versions of Internet Explorer (IE) may not support the height: 100% approach correctly, so it's important to test your implementation across different browsers.

虽然height: 100%的方法在某些情况下可以是一个简单的解决方案，但它也有其局限性，并可能需要额外的考虑。在接下来的几节中，我们将探讨提供更灵活性和更好的浏览器支持的替代技术。

Technique 1: Using Height: 100vh

另一种将 div 标签的高度设置为浏览器窗口的 100% 的技术是使用 height: 100vh 属性。vh 单位表示视口高度的百分比。

By setting height: 100vh on a div element, you're instructing it to take up 100% of the height of the viewport, regardless of its parent elements. This approach provides a more straightforward solution without the need to set the parent elements' height explicitly.

Example

这里是一个完整的代码片段，演示了这个技术 -

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      .container {
         height: 100vh;
         background-color: lightgray;
         display: flex;
         align-items: center;
         justify-content: center;
      }   
      .content {
         width: 300px;
         height: 200px;
         background-color: white;
         border: 1px solid gray;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
      <div class="content">
         <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>
   </div>
</body>
</html>

在这段代码片段中，我们有一个与之前类似的HTML结构，一个父div具有"class"为"container"的类，一个目标div具有"class"为"content"的类。应用CSS样式以实现所需效果。

关键区别在于我们在“container”类上设置了height: 100vh。这使得容器div扩展到视口的完整高度。内部的“content”div继承了高度，也会拉伸以填满整个视口的高度。

By using the height: 100vh approach, you can easily achieve a full-height div without explicitly setting the height of parent elements.

技巧2：使用Flexbox

Flexbox是一个强大的CSS布局模块，它提供了一种灵活的方式来分布和对齐容器内的元素。它还可以用于实现div标签的100％高度。

By utilizing the Flexbox properties, we can create a container that expands to fill the available vertical space. Here's a complete code snippet that demonstrates this technique −

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      .container {
         display: flex;
         flex-direction: column;
         height: 100vh;
         background-color: lightgray;
      }   
      .content {
         flex-grow: 1;
         background-color: white;
         border: 1px solid gray;
         margin: 20px;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
      <div class="content">
         <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>
   </div>
</body>
</html>

In this code snippet, we have a parent div element with a class of "container" and a child div with a class of "content". The CSS styles are applied to utilize Flexbox for achieving 100% height.

通过在 "container" 类上设置 display: flex，我们创建了一个 Flexbox 容器。添加 flex-direction: column 可以确保子元素垂直堆叠。height: 100vh 属性使容器扩展以填充整个视口的高度。

To make the "content" div take up the remaining vertical space, we set flex-grow: 1. This instructs the "content" element to grow and fill the available space within the Flexbox container.

技巧3：使用CSS Grid

CSS Grid is another powerful layout module that allows you to create complex grid-based layouts with ease. It can also be leveraged to achieve 100% height for a div tag.

By utilizing CSS Grid, we can create a grid container that expands to fill the available vertical space. Here's a complete code snippet that demonstrates this technique −

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      .container {
         display: grid;
         grid-template-rows: 1fr;
         height: 100vh;
         background-color: lightgray;
      }   
      .content {
         background-color: white;
         border: 1px solid gray;
         margin: 20px;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
      <div class="content">
         <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>
   </div>
</body>
</html>

In this code snippet, we have a parent div element with a class of "container" and a child div with a class of "content". The CSS styles are applied to utilize CSS Grid for achieving 100% height.

By setting display: grid on the "container" class, we create a CSS Grid container. The grid-template-rows: 1fr property sets the row template to 1fr, which means the available space is distributed evenly among the rows. This ensures that the "content" div takes up the full height of the container.

The height: 100vh property makes the container expand to fill the full height of the viewport.

技巧4：使用绝对定位

Another technique to give a div tag 100% height of the browser window is by using absolute positioning. By positioning the div element absolutely and setting its top, bottom, left, and right properties to 0, we can make it expand to fill the entire height of the viewport.

Example

这是一个完整的示例代码片段，演示了这个技术 −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      .container {
         position: relative;
         height: 100vh;
         background-color: lightgray;
      }   
      .content {
         position: absolute;
         top: 0;
         bottom: 0;
         left: 0;
         right: 0;
         background-color: white;
         border: 1px solid gray;
         margin: 20px;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
      <div class="content">
         <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>
   </div>
</body>
</html>

在这段代码片段中，我们有一个class为"container"的父div元素和一个class为"content"的子div元素。CSS样式被应用以利用绝对定位来实现100%的高度。

通过在"container"类上设置position: relative，我们为子div建立了一个定位上下文。这使我们能够将"content" div绝对定位相对于其父元素。

属性 top: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0 和 right: 0 将 "content" div 定位在其父元素的顶部、底部、左侧和右侧边缘。这将导致它拉伸并填充容器的整个高度。

Technique 5: 使用 Flexbox 和 Overflow

在某些情况下，您可能会遇到内容超过视口高度的情况。在这种情况下，您可以使用Flexbox和overflow属性的组合，以确保div保持100%的高度，同时允许溢出内容滚动。

示例

Here's a complete running example snippet that demonstrates this technique −

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
   <style>
      .container {
         display: flex;
         flex-direction: column;
         height: 100vh;
         background-color: lightgray;
      }   
      .content {
         flex-grow: 1;
         background-color: white;
         border: 1px solid gray;
         margin: 20px;
         overflow: auto;
      }
   </style>
</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
      <div class="content">
         <!-- Content goes here -->
      </div>
   </div>
</body>
</html>

In this code snippet, we have a parent div element with a class of "container" and a child div with a class of "content". The CSS styles are applied to utilize Flexbox and handle overflow.

Similar to Technique 2, we set display: flex on the "container" class to create a Flexbox container. The flex-direction: column property ensures that the child elements are stacked vertically.

通过在“content”类上设置flex-grow: 1，div会扩展以占据容器中剩余的垂直空间。此外，如果内容超过div的高度，我们使用overflow: auto来启用内容的垂直滚动。

Conclusion

Achieving a 100% height for a

tag in CSS can be accomplished using various techniques. By utilizing CSS properties like height: 100vh, Flexbox, CSS Grid, and absolute positioning, we can create responsive layouts that fill the entire height of the browser window.

Each technique offers its advantages and may be more suitable depending on the specific requirements of your project. It's important to consider factors such as content overflow and browser compatibility when choosing the appropriate approach.

通过理解和实施这些技术，您可以确保您的

标签根据视口高度动态适应，提供无缝且视觉上吸引人的用户体验。尝试这些方法并选择最适合您需求的方法

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