MySQL基于SSL安全连接的主从复制怎么实现

生产环境中一台mysql主机存在单点故障，所以我们要确保mysql的高可用性，即两台MySQL服务器如果其中有一台MySQL服务器挂掉后，另外一台能立马接替其进行工作。

主从复制的原理

        master记录二进制日志，在每个事务更新数据完成之前，master在二日志记录这些改变。存储引擎在二进制日志完成后收到来自主服务器的通知，提交MySQL事务。接下来，slave需要将master的二进制日志复制到自己的中继日志。首先，slave开始一个工作线程——I/O线程，I/O线程在master上打开一个普通的连接，然后开启binlog dump process。Binlog dump process从master的二进制日志中读取事件，如果已经同步了master，它会睡眠并等待master产生新的事件，I/O线程将这些事件写入中继日志。The final step of this process is handled by the SQL slave thread.。SQL线程会读取中继日志中的事件，并重现这些事件以更新从库的数据，以保持与主库中的数据一致。由于中继日志通常存储在操作系统的缓存中，因此只要该线程与 I/O 线程保持一致，中继日志的开销很少。

环境准备：打开两台MySQL服务器，部署网络环境。

部署master

1. 主机创建 SSL/RSA 文件

[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@master bin]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/llocal/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

2. 赋予权限并重启。

[root@master bin]# chmod +r /usr/local/mysql/data/server-key.pem 
[root@master bin]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]

3. 登录mysql查看ssl是否开启，并创建一个复制用户。

注：启用 mysql 支持 ssl 安全连接主要用于 mysql 主从复制（局域网可以非 ssh 连接即明文复制，但 internet 复制建议采用 ssl 连接）

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to rep@'192.168.8.3' identified by '123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.07 sec)

4. master开启二进制日志，重启后查看二进制日志文件。

需要注意的是server_id必须唯一。

[root@master ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#添加下面内容
log-bin=mysql-bin
service_id=1
[root@master ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "show master status"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      154 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

5. 防火墙配置，实验环境中可以关闭防火墙，生产环境中需要配置防火墙规则，允许3306端口。

[root@master ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp
success
[root@master ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

6. 把ssl文件复制到slave

[root@master data]# scp ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem root@192.168.8.3:/usr/local/mysql/data
The authenticity of host '192.168.8.3 (192.168.8.3)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:LFby9KMDz/kkPfOESbeJ7Qh+3hmQaX2W5gkDDMwSGHA.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:03:32:64:b4:c2:5b:6c:a4:e2:f0:7f:df:7a:35:19:80.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.8.3' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.8.3's password: 
ca.pem                             100% 1112   232.5KB/s   00:00    
client-cert.pem                    100% 1112   240.4KB/s   00:00    
client-key.pem                     100% 1676   205.0KB/s   00:00

部署slave

1. 开启ssl、中继日志，赋予ssl文件读的权限并重启mysql。

[root@slave ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
#添加下面内容
server_id=2
relay-log=relay-log
ssl_ca=ca.pem
ssl_cert=client-cert.pem
ssl_key=client-key.pem

[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@slave data]# ll ca.pem client-cert.pem client-key.pem 
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月  31 14:31 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月  31 14:31 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1676 3月  31 14:31 client-key.pem
[root@slave data]# chmod +r client-key.pem
[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL..                                      [  确定  ]
Starting MySQL.                                            [  确定  ]

2. 确认ssl开启成功

[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 -e "show variables like '%ssl%'"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------------------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name                       | Value           |
+-------------------------------------+-----------------+
| have_openssl                        | YES             |
| have_ssl                            | YES             |
| performance_schema_show_processlist | OFF             |
| ssl_ca                              | ca.pem          |
| ssl_capath                          |                 |
| ssl_cert                            | client-cert.pem |
| ssl_cipher                          |                 |
| ssl_crl                             |                 |
| ssl_crlpath                         |                 |
| ssl_key                             | client-key.pem  |
+-------------------------------------+-----------------+

3. 在配置主从复制之前可以在从 mysql 上用 SSL 连接主服务器试试。

        注意分清IP，8.2是master的IP，可以看到ssl协议Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256

[root@slave ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/data
[root@slave data]# mysql --ssl-ca=ca.pem --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem -u rep -p123 -h 192.168.8.2
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> 
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.40, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
 
Connection id:		3
Current database:	
Current user:		rep@192.168.8.3
SSL:			Cipher in use is ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		192.168.8.2 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:	latin1
Db     characterset:	latin1
Client characterset:	utf8
Conn.  characterset:	utf8
TCP port:		3306
Uptime:			22 min 19 sec
 
Threads: 1  Questions: 8  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 109  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 102  Queries per second avg: 0.005
--------------

1.登录slave服务器，配置主从 replicate

记得先退出连接，登录slave的mysql服务。

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@slave data]# mysql -uroot -p123
#省略部分登录信息
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.8.2',						#masterIP
    -> master_user='rep',								#master用户
    -> master_password='123',							#master密码
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',				#master二进制日志文件
    -> master_log_pos=154,								#master位置
    -> master_ssl=1,									#masterssl
    -> master_ssl_cert='client-cert.pem',
    -> master_ssl_key='client-key.pem',
    -> master_ssl_ca='ca.pem';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec)
 
mysql> start slave;				#启用从
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

确认启用成功。

测试SSL主从复制

1. 登录master，写入一些数据

[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
#省略部分内容
mysql> create database bbs;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> use bbs;
Database changed
mysql> create table tb1(id int,
    -> name varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
 
mysql> insert into tb1 values(1,'z3');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

2. 登录slave，查看数据

[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p123
#省略部分内容
mysql> select * from bbs.tb1;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | z3   |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

最后可以查看到z3，主从成功。

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