SpringBoot整合RabbitMq的方法是什么
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- 2023-05-25 10:00:38779浏览
SpringBoot 整合RabbitMq 实战
spring-boot-starter-amqp
高级消息队列协议（AMQP）是面向消息中间件的平台中立的有线协议。Spring AMQP项目将核心Spring概念应用于基于AMQP的消息传递解决方案的开发。Spring Boot为通过RabbitMQ与AMQP一起工作提供了一些便利，包括spring-boot-starter-amqp “Starter”。
springboot集成RabbitMQ非常简单，如果只是简单的使用配置非常少，springboot提供了spring-boot-starter-amqp项目对消息各种支持。
添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
RabbitMQ是基于AMQP协议的轻量级，可靠，可扩展，可移植的消息代理。Spring使用RabbitMQ通过AMQP协议进行通信。
属性配置
RabbitMQ配置由外部配置属性控制 spring.rabbitmq.*。例如，您可以在以下部分声明以下部分 application.properties：
spring.rabbitmq.host = localhost spring.rabbitmq.port = 5672 spring.rabbitmq.username = guest spring.rabbitmq.password
快速上手
1.队列配置
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* RabbitMQ 配置类
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig
@Bean
public Queue queue(){
return new Queue("hello");
}
}
2 发送者
rabbitTemplate是springboot 提供的默认实现.
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 消息发送者
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class HelloSender
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send(){
String context = "hello----"+LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("send:"+context);
//往名称为 hello 的queue中发送消息
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",context);
}
}
3 接收者
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 消息接受者
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello") //监听 名称为 hello 的queue
public class HelloReceiver
//消息处理器
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver:"+message);
}
}
测试
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo;
import com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq.HelloSender;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitmqdemoApplicationTests
@Autowired
HelloSender helloSender;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
helloSender.send();
}
}
查看控制台输出结果
send:hello----2018-04-21T11:29:47.739 Receiver:hello----2018-04-21T11:29:47.739
一对多发送:一个发送者多个接受者
对上面的代码进行了小改造,接收端注册了两个Receiver,Receiver1和Receiver2，发送端加入参数计数，接收端打印接收到的参数，下面是测试代码，发送一百条消息，来观察两个接收端的执行效果
添加一个队列叫 hello2
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* RabbitMQ 配置类
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig
@Bean
public Queue queue(){
return new Queue("hello");
}
@Bean
public Queue queue2(){
return new Queue("hello2");
}
}
给队列 hello2 发送消息,接受一个计数参数
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.rabbitmq;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 消息发送者
*
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class HelloSender
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send(){
String context = "hello----"+LocalDateTime.now();
System.out.println("send:"+context);
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello",context);
}
//给hello2发送消息,并接受一个计数参数
public void send2(int i){
String context = i+"";
System.out.println(context+"--send:");
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("hello2",context);
}
}
两个hello2 的接受者
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello2")
public class HelloReceiver1
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver1:"+message);
}
}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "hello2")
public class HelloReceiver2
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver2:"+message);
}
}
测试
@Test
public void manyReceiver(){
for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
helloSender.send2(i);
}
}
查看控制台输出结果:
0--send: 1--send: 2--send: 3--send: 4--send: ...(省略) 58--send: 59--send: 60--send: 61--send: 62--send: 63--send: Receiver2:1 Receiver1:0 64--send: 65--send: Receiver1:2 Receiver2:3 66--send: Receiver1:4 Receiver2:5 ...(省略)
可以看到:在消息发送到63时,接受者Receiver已经收到了消息,
结论:
一个发送者，N个接受者,经过测试会均匀的将消息发送到N个接收者中
多对多: 多个发送者对多个接受者
我们可以注入两个发送者,放在循环中,如下:
@Test
public void many2many(){
for (int i=0;i<100;i++){
helloSender.send2(i);
helloSender2.send2(i);
}
}
运行单元测试,查看控制台输出:
0--send: 0--send: 1--send: 1--send: 2--send: 2--send: 3--send: 3--send: ...(省略) 22--send: 22--send: 23--send: 23--send: 24--send: 24--send: Receiver2:0 25--send: 25--send: Receiver2:1 26--send: Receiver2:2 26--send: Receiver2:3 27--send: Receiver1:0 27--send: Receiver2:4 Receiver1:1 28--send: Receiver2:5 Receiver1:2 28--send: Receiver2:6 Receiver1:3 29--send: Receiver2:7 Receiver1:4 29--send: Receiver2:8 Receiver1:5 30--send: Receiver2:9 Receiver1:6 30--send: 31--send: 31--send: 32--send: 32--send:
结论：和一对多一样，接收端仍然会均匀接收到消息
发送对象
首先我们创建一个实体类对象 User,注意必须实现 Serializable 接口.
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
public class User implements Serializable
private String username;
private String password;
public User(String username, String password) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
然后在配置文件中再创建一个队列,叫 object_queue
@Bean
public Queue queue3(){
return new Queue("object_queue");
}
接下里就是User对象的两个发送者ObjectSender和接受者ObjectReceiver:
@Component
public class ObjectSender
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void sendUser(User user){
System.out.println("Send object:"+user.toString());
this.amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("object_queue",user);
}
}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "object_queue")
public class ObjectReceiver
@RabbitHandler
public void objectReceiver(User user){
System.out.println("Receiver object:"+user.toString());
}
}
运行单元测试,查看控制台输出结果:
Send object:User{username='李增光', password='666666'}
Receiver object:User{username='李增光', password='666666'}
Topic Exchange
topic 是RabbitMQ中最灵活的一种方式，可以根据routing_key自由的绑定不同的队列
首先对topic规则配置，这里使用两个队列来测试
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class TopicRabbitConfig
final static String message = "topic.message";
final static String messages = "topic.messages";
//创建两个 Queue
@Bean
public Queue queueMessage(){
return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.message);
}
@Bean
public Queue queueMessages(){
return new Queue(TopicRabbitConfig.messages);
}
//配置 TopicExchange,指定名称为 topicExchange
@Bean
public TopicExchange exchange(){
return new TopicExchange("topicExchange");
}
//给队列绑定 exchange 和 routing_key
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue queueMessage, TopicExchange exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessage).to(exchange).with("topic.message");
}
@Bean
public Binding bingingExchangeMessages(Queue queueMessages,TopicExchange exchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(queueMessages).to(exchange).with("topic.#");
}
}
消息发送者:都是用topicExchange,并且绑定到不同的 routing_key
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class TopicSender
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send1(){
String context = "hi, i am message 1";
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange","topic.message",context);
}
public void send2() {
String context = "hi, i am messages 2";
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.messages", context);
}
}
两个消息接受者,分别指定不同的 queue
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.message")
public class TopicReceiver1
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver topic.message :"+ message);
}
}
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.topic;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "topic.messages")
public class TopicReceiver2
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver topic.messages: "+ message);
}
}
测试:
发送send1会匹配到topic.#和topic.message 两个Receiver都可以收到消息，发送send2只有topic.#可以匹配所有只有Receiver2监听到消息
Fanout Exchange
Fanout 就是我们熟悉的广播模式或者订阅模式，给Fanout交换机发送消息，绑定了这个交换机的所有队列都收到这个消息。
Fanout 相关配置:
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.security.PublicKey;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Configuration
public class FanOutRabbitMq
//创建三个队列
@Bean
public Queue AMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.A");
}
@Bean
public Queue BMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.B");
}
@Bean
public Queue CMessage() {
return new Queue("fanout.C");
}
//创建exchange,指定交换策略
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {
return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange");
}
//分别给三个队列指定exchange,这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略：
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchangeA(Queue AMessage,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(AMessage).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
public Binding bindingExchangeB(Queue BMessage,FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(BMessage).to(fanoutExchange);
}
@Bean
Binding bindingExchangeC(Queue CMessage, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange) {
return
消息发送者:
这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略
package com.example.rabbitmqdemo.fanout;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author itguang
* @create
@Component
public class FanoutSender
@Autowired
AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
public void send(){
String context = "hi, fanout msg ";
System.out.println("Sender : " + context);
//这里使用了A、B、C三个队列绑定到Fanout交换机上面，发送端的routing_key写任何字符都会被忽略：
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange","", context);
}
}
三个消息接受者:
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.A")
public class FanoutReceiverA
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.A: "+message);
}
}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.B")
public class FanoutReceiverB
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.B: "+message);
}
}
@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.C")
public class FanoutReceiverC
@RabbitHandler
public void process(String message){
System.out.println("Receiver form fanout.C: "+message);
}
}
运行单元测试,查看结果:
Sender : hi, fanout msg Receiver form fanout.C: hi, fanout msg Receiver form fanout.A: hi, fanout msg Receiver form fanout.B: hi, fanout msg
结果说明，绑定到fanout交换机上面的队列都收到了消息.
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