springboot怎么集成easy-captcha实现图像验证码显示和登录

1、easy-captcha简介

easy-captcha是生成图形验证码的Java类库，支持gif、中文、算术等类型，可用于Java Web、JavaSE等项目。

2、添加依赖

<guava.version>20.0</guava.version>
<captcha.version>1.6.2</captcha.version>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
    <version>${guava.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.whvcse</groupId>
    <artifactId>easy-captcha</artifactId>
    <version>${captcha.version}</version>
</dependency>

3、编写service层代码

@Service
public class CaptchaServiceImpl implements CaptchaService {

    /**
     * Local Cache  5分钟过期
     */
    Cache<String, String> localCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder().maximumSize(1000).expireAfterAccess(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES).build();

    @Override
    public void create(HttpServletResponse response, String uuid) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("image/gif");
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);

        //生成验证码
        SpecCaptcha captcha = new SpecCaptcha(150, 40);
        captcha.setLen(5);
        captcha.setCharType(Captcha.TYPE_DEFAULT);
        captcha.out(response.getOutputStream());

        //保存到缓存
        setCache(uuid, captcha.text());
    }

    @Override
    public boolean validate(String uuid, String code) {
        //获取验证码
        String captcha = getCache(uuid);

        //效验成功
        if(code.equalsIgnoreCase(captcha)){
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }


    private void setCache(String key, String value){
        localCache.put(key, value);
    }

    private String getCache(String key){

        String captcha = localCache.getIfPresent(key);
        //删除验证码
        if(captcha != null){
            localCache.invalidate(key);
        }
        return captcha;
    }
}

4、开发验证码接口

创建LoginController并提供生成验证码的方法

@Controller
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CaptchaController {
    private CaptchaService captchaService;

    @GetMapping("/captcha")
    public void captcha(HttpServletResponse response, String uuid)throws IOException {
        //uuid不能为空
        AssertUtils.isBlank(uuid, ErrorCode.IDENTIFIER_NOT_NULL);

        //生成验证码
        captchaService.create(response, uuid);
    }
}

5、前端vue增加如何代码显示生成的验证码

<Motion :delay="200">
  <el-form-item prop="verifyCode">
    <el-input
      clearable
      v-model="ruleForm.verifyCode"
      placeholder="验证码"
      :prefix-icon="useRenderIcon(Line)"
    >
      <template v-slot:append>
        <img
          style="
            vertical-align: middle;
            height: 40px;
            width: 100px;
            cursor: pointer;
          "
          :src="captchaUrl"
          @click="onRefreshCode"
          alt=""
        />
      </template>
    </el-input>
  </el-form-item>
</Motion>

完整的登录页代码如下

<script setup lang="ts">
import Motion from "./utils/motion";
import { useRouter } from "vue-router";
import { message } from "@/utils/message";
import { loginRules } from "./utils/rule";
import { useNav } from "@/layout/hooks/useNav";
import type { FormInstance } from "element-plus";
import { useLayout } from "@/layout/hooks/useLayout";
import { useUserStoreHook } from "@/store/modules/user";
import { bg, avatar, illustration } from "./utils/static";
import { useRenderIcon } from "@/components/ReIcon/src/hooks";
import { ref, reactive, toRaw, onMounted, onBeforeUnmount } from "vue";
import { useDataThemeChange } from "@/layout/hooks/useDataThemeChange";
import { initRouter } from "@/router/utils";
import { getUuid } from "@/utils/utils";
import dayIcon from "@/assets/svg/day.svg?component";
import darkIcon from "@/assets/svg/dark.svg?component";
import Lock from "@iconify-icons/ri/lock-fill";
import User from "@iconify-icons/ri/user-3-fill";
import Line from "@iconify-icons/ri/shield-keyhole-line";
import { getConfig } from "@/config";

defineOptions({
  name: "Login"
});
const router = useRouter();
const loading = ref(false);
const ruleFormRef = ref<FormInstance>();
const captchaUrl = ref("");
const { Api } = getConfig();

const { initStorage } = useLayout();
initStorage();

const { dataTheme, dataThemeChange } = useDataThemeChange();
dataThemeChange();
const { title } = useNav();

const ruleForm = reactive({
  username: "admin",
  password: "admin123",
  verifyCode: "",
  uuid: ""
});

const onLogin = async (formEl: FormInstance | undefined) => {
  loading.value = true;
  if (!formEl) return;
  await formEl.validate((valid, fields) => {
    if (valid) {
      useUserStoreHook()
        .loginByUsername({ username: ruleForm.username, password: "admin123" })
        .then(res => {
          if (res.code == 200) {
            // 获取后端路由
            initRouter().then(() => {
              router.push("/");
              message("登录成功", { type: "success" });
            });
          }
        });
    } else {
      loading.value = false;
      return fields;
    }
  });
};

/** 使用公共函数，避免`removeEventListener`失效 */
function onkeypress({ code }: KeyboardEvent) {
  if (code === "Enter") {
    onLogin(ruleFormRef.value);
  }
}
function getCaptchaUrl() {
  ruleForm.uuid = getUuid();
  captchaUrl.value = `${Api}/captcha?uuid=${ruleForm.uuid}`;
}
function onRefreshCode() {
  getCaptchaUrl();
}

onMounted(() => {
  window.document.addEventListener("keypress", onkeypress);
  getCaptchaUrl();
});

onBeforeUnmount(() => {
  window.document.removeEventListener("keypress", onkeypress);
});
</script>

<template>
  <div class="select-none">
    <img :src="bg" class="wave" />
    <div class="flex-c absolute right-5 top-3">
      <!-- 主题 -->
      <el-switch
        v-model="dataTheme"
        inline-prompt
        :active-icon="dayIcon"
        :inactive-icon="darkIcon"
        @change="dataThemeChange"
      />
    </div>
    <div class="login-container">
      <div class="img">
        <component :is="toRaw(illustration)" />
      </div>
      <div class="login-box">
        <div class="login-form">
          <avatar class="avatar" />
          <Motion>
            <h3 class="outline-none">{{ title }}</h3>
          </Motion>

          <el-form
            ref="ruleFormRef"
            :model="ruleForm"
            :rules="loginRules"
            size="large"
          >
            <Motion :delay="100">
              <el-form-item
                :rules="[
                  {
                    required: true,
                    message: &#39;请输入账号&#39;,
                    trigger: &#39;blur&#39;
                  }
                ]"
                prop="username"
              >
                <el-input
                  clearable
                  v-model="ruleForm.username"
                  placeholder="账号"
                  :prefix-icon="useRenderIcon(User)"
                />
              </el-form-item>
            </Motion>

            <Motion :delay="150">
              <el-form-item prop="password">
                <el-input
                  clearable
                  show-password
                  v-model="ruleForm.password"
                  placeholder="密码"
                  :prefix-icon="useRenderIcon(Lock)"
                />
              </el-form-item>
            </Motion>

            <Motion :delay="200">
              <el-form-item prop="verifyCode">
                <el-input
                  clearable
                  v-model="ruleForm.verifyCode"
                  placeholder="验证码"
                  :prefix-icon="useRenderIcon(Line)"
                >
                  <template v-slot:append>
                    <img
                      style="
                        vertical-align: middle;
                        height: 40px;
                        width: 100px;
                        cursor: pointer;
                      "
                      :src="captchaUrl"
                      @click="onRefreshCode"
                      alt=""
                    />
                  </template>
                </el-input>
              </el-form-item>
            </Motion>

            <Motion :delay="250">
              <el-button
                class="w-full mt-4"
                size="default"
                type="primary"
                :loading="loading"
                @click="onLogin(ruleFormRef)"
              >
                登录
              </el-button>
            </Motion>
          </el-form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<style scoped>
@import url("@/style/login.css");
</style>

<style lang="scss" scoped>
:deep(.el-input-group__append, .el-input-group__prepend) {
  padding: 0;
}
</style>

编译运行后端，同事运行点前端，可以看到登录页面。

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