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Spring Boot怎么自定义监控指标

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2023-05-11 14:01:131048浏览

    1.创建项目

    pom.xml引入相关依赖

    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    	<groupId>com.olive</groupId>
    	<artifactId>prometheus-meter-demo</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath />
    	</parent>
    	<properties>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    		<spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
    	</properties>
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<!-- Micrometer Prometheus registry  -->
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
    			<artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    	<dependencyManagement>
    		<dependencies>
    			<dependency>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
    				<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
    				<type>pom</type>
    				<scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    		</dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>
    </project>

    2.自定义指标

    方式一

    直接使用micrometer核心包的类进行指标定义和注册

    package com.olive.monitor;
     
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    import io.micrometer.core.instrument.Counter;
    import io.micrometer.core.instrument.DistributionSummary;
    import io.micrometer.core.instrument.MeterRegistry;
     
    @Component
    public class NativeMetricsMontior {
     
    	/**
    	 * 支付次数
    	 */
    	private Counter payCount;
     
    	/**
    	 * 支付金额统计
    	 */
    	private DistributionSummary payAmountSum;
     
    	@Autowired
    	private MeterRegistry registry;
     
    	@PostConstruct
    	private void init() {
    		payCount = registry.counter("pay_request_count", "payCount", "pay-count");
    		payAmountSum = registry.summary("pay_amount_sum", "payAmountSum", "pay-amount-sum");
    	}
     
    	public Counter getPayCount() {
    		return payCount;
    	}
     
    	public DistributionSummary getPayAmountSum() {
    		return payAmountSum;
    	}
     
    }

    方式二

    通过引入micrometer-registry-prometheus包,该包结合prometheus,对micrometer进行了封装

    <dependency>
    			<groupId>io.micrometer</groupId>
    			<artifactId>micrometer-registry-prometheus</artifactId>
    		</dependency>

    同样定义两个metrics

    package com.olive.monitor;
     
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     
    import io.prometheus.client.CollectorRegistry;
    import io.prometheus.client.Counter;
     
    @Component
    public class PrometheusMetricsMonitor {
     
    	/**
    	 * 订单发起次数
    	 */
    	private Counter orderCount;
     
    	/**
    	 * 金额统计
    	 */
    	private Counter orderAmountSum;
    	
    	@Autowired
    	private CollectorRegistry registry;
    	@PostConstruct
    	private void init() {
    		orderCount = Counter.build().name("order_request_count")
    				.help("order request count.")
    				.labelNames("orderCount")
    				.register();
    		orderAmountSum = Counter.build().name("order_amount_sum")
    				.help("order amount sum.")
    				.labelNames("orderAmountSum")
    				.register();
    		registry.register(orderCount);
    		registry.register(orderAmountSum);
    	}
     
    	public Counter getOrderCount() {
    		return orderCount;
    	}
     
    	public Counter getOrderAmountSum() {
    		return orderAmountSum;
    	}
     
    }

    prometheus 4种常用Metrics

    Counter

    连续增加不会减少的计数器,可以用于记录只增不减的类型,例如:网站访问人数,系统运行时间等。

    对于Counter类型的指标,只包含一个inc()的方法,就是用于计数器+1.

    一般而言,Counter类型的metric指标在冥冥中我们使用_total结束,如http_requests_total.

    Gauge

    可增可减的仪表盘,曲线图

    对于这类可增可减的指标,用于反应应用的当前状态。

    例如在监控主机时,主机当前空闲的内存大小,可用内存大小等等。

    对于Gauge指标的对象则包含两个主要的方法inc()和dec(),用于增加和减少计数。

    Histogram

    主要用来统计数据的分布情况,这是一种特殊的metrics数据类型,代表的是一种近似的百分比估算数值,统计所有离散的指标数据在各个取值区段内的次数。例如:我们想统计一段时间内http请求响应小于0.005秒、小于0.01秒、小于0.025秒的数据分布情况。那么使用Histogram采集每一次http请求的时间,同时设置bucket。

    Summary

    Summary和Histogram非常相似,都可以统计事件发生的次数或者大小,以及其分布情况,他们都提供了对时间的计数_count以及值的汇总_sum,也都提供了可以计算统计样本分布情况的功能,不同之处在于Histogram可以通过histogram_quantile函数在服务器计算分位数。而Sumamry的分位数则是直接在客户端进行定义的。因此对于分位数的计算,Summary在通过PromQL进行查询的时候有更好的性能表现,而Histogram则会消耗更多的资源,但是相对于客户端而言Histogram消耗的资源就更少。用哪个都行,根据实际场景自由调整即可。

    3. 测试

    定义两个controller分别使用NativeMetricsMontiorPrometheusMetricsMonitor

    package com.olive.controller;
     
    import java.util.Random;
     
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
     
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     
    import com.olive.monitor.NativeMetricsMontior;
     
    @RestController
    public class PayController {
     
    	@Resource
    	private NativeMetricsMontior monitor;
     
    	@RequestMapping("/pay")
    	public String pay(@RequestParam("amount") Double amount) throws Exception {
    		// 统计支付次数
    		monitor.getPayCount().increment();
     
    		Random random = new Random();
    		//int amount = random.nextInt(100);
    		if(amount==null) {
    			amount = 0.0;
    		}
    		// 统计支付总金额
    		monitor.getPayAmountSum().record(amount);
    		return "支付成功, 支付金额: " + amount;
    	}
     
    }
    package com.olive.controller;
     
    import java.util.Random;
     
    import javax.annotation.Resource;
     
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
     
    import com.olive.monitor.PrometheusMetricsMonitor;
     
    @RestController
    public class OrderController {
     
    	@Resource
    	private PrometheusMetricsMonitor monitor;
     
    	@RequestMapping("/order")
    	public String order(@RequestParam("amount") Double amount) throws Exception {
    		// 订单总数
    		monitor.getOrderCount()
    			.labels("orderCount")
    			.inc();
     
    		Random random = new Random();
    		//int amount = random.nextInt(100);
    		if(amount==null) {
    			amount = 0.0;
    		}
    		// 统计订单总金额
    		monitor.getOrderAmountSum()
    			.labels("orderAmountSum")
    			.inc(amount);
    		return "下单成功, 订单金额: " + amount;
    	}
     
    }

    启动服务

    访问http://127.0.0.1:9595/actuator/prometheus;正常看到监测数据

    Spring Boot怎么自定义监控指标

    改变amount多次方式http://127.0.0.1:8080/order?amount=100http://127.0.0.1:8080/pay?amount=10后;再访问http://127.0.0.1:9595/actuator/prometheus。查看监控数据

    Spring Boot怎么自定义监控指标

    4.项目中的应用

    项目中按照上面说的方式进行数据埋点监控不太现实;在spring项目中基本通过AOP进行埋点监测。比如写一个切面Aspect;这样的方式就非常友好。能在入口就做了数据埋点监测,无须在controller里进行代码编写。

    package com.olive.aspect;
     
    import java.time.LocalDate;
    import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
     
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     
    import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
    import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
    import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
    import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
    import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
     
    import io.micrometer.core.instrument.Metrics;
     
    @Aspect
    @Component
    public class PrometheusMetricsAspect {
     
        // 切入所有controller包下的请求方法
        @Pointcut("execution(* com.olive.controller..*.*(..))")
        public void controllerPointcut() {
        }
     
        @Around("controllerPointcut()")
        public Object MetricsCollector(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
     
            HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
            String userId = StringUtils.hasText(request.getParameter("userId")) ? 
            		request.getParameter("userId") : "no userId";
            
            // 获取api url
            String api = request.getServletPath();
            // 获取请求方法
            String method = request.getMethod();
            long startTs = System.currentTimeMillis();
            LocalDate now = LocalDate.now();
            String[] tags = new String[10];
            tags[0] = "api";
            tags[1] = api;
            tags[2] = "method";
            tags[3] = method;
            tags[4] = "day";
            tags[5] = now.toString();
            tags[6] = "userId";
            tags[7] = userId;
            
            String amount = StringUtils.hasText(request.getParameter("amount")) ? 
            		request.getParameter("amount") : "0.0";
            
            tags[8] = "amount";
            tags[9] = amount;
            // 请求次数加1
            //自定义的指标名称:custom_http_request_all,指标包含数据
            Metrics.counter("custom_http_request_all", tags).increment();
            Object object = null;
            try {
                object = joinPoint.proceed();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                //请求失败次数加1
                Metrics.counter("custom_http_request_error", tags).increment();
                throw e;
            } finally {
                long endTs = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTs;
                //记录请求响应时间
               Metrics.timer("custom_http_request_time", tags).record(endTs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            }
            return object;
        }
    }

    编写好切面后,重启服务;访问controller的接口,同样可以进行自定义监控指标埋点

    Spring Boot怎么自定义监控指标

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