Java 9 Stream Collectors新增功能
Java 8 引入Collectors,用于累加输入元素至可变的容器如,Map、List以及Set。本文看看Java 9 新增的两个Collectors:Collectors.filtering 和 Collectors.flatMapping,主要用于和 Collectors.groupingBy 一起提供智能的元素集合.
Collectors.filtering方法
Collectors.filtering方法类似于Stream filter()方法,后者用于过滤输入元素,但两者的使用场景不同。Stream filter()在stream链接方法中使用,而Collectors.filtering方法被设计和 groupingBy一起使用。
Stream filter()首先过滤元素,然后再分组。被过滤的值被丢弃无法被追溯跟踪。如果需要跟踪需要先分组然后再过滤,这正是 Collectors.filtering能做的。
Collectors.filtering带函数参数用于过滤输入参数,然后收集过滤元素:
@Test public void givenList_whenSatifyPredicate_thenMapValueWithOccurences() { List<Integer> numbers = List.of(1, 2, 3, 5, 5); Map<Integer, Long> result = numbers.stream() .filter(val -> val > 3) .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(i -> i, Collectors.counting())); assertEquals(1, result.size()); result = numbers.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(i -> i, Collectors.filtering(val -> val > 3, Collectors.counting()))); assertEquals(4, result.size()); }
Collectors.flatMapping方法
Collectors.flatMapping类似于Collectors.mapping 方法,但粒度更细。两者都带一个函数和一个收集器参数用于收集元素,但flatMapping函数接收元素流,然后通过收集器进行累积操作。首先我们看模型类:
class Blog { private String authorName; private List<String> comments = new ArrayList<>(); public Blog(String authorName, String ... comment){ this.authorName = authorName; comments.addAll(Arrays.asList(comment)); } public String getAuthorName(){ return this.authorName; } public List<String> getComments(){ return comments; } }
Collectors.flatMapping 方法跳过中间集合,直接写至单个有Collectors.groupingBy定义的组映射容器中:
@Test public void givenListOfBlogs_whenAuthorName_thenMapAuthorWithComments() { Blog blog1 = new Blog("1", "Nice", "Very Nice"); Blog blog2 = new Blog("2", "Disappointing", "Ok", "Could be better"); List<Blog> blogs = List.of(blog1, blog2); Map<String, List<List<String>>> authorComments1 = blogs.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Blog::getAuthorName, Collectors.mapping(Blog::getComments, Collectors.toList()))); assertEquals(2, authorComments1.size()); assertEquals(2, authorComments1.get("1").get(0).size()); assertEquals(3, authorComments1.get("2").get(0).size()); Map<String, List<String>> authorComments2 = blogs.stream() .collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Blog::getAuthorName, Collectors.flatMapping(blog -> blog.getComments().stream(), Collectors.toList()))); assertEquals(2, authorComments2.size()); assertEquals(2, authorComments2.get("1").size()); assertEquals(3, authorComments2.get("2").size()); }
Collectors.mapping映射所有分组(作者的评论)值收集的器容器中,如List。并且删除中间集合,直接存储集合至收集器的容器。
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