类
在java.util.concurrent.atomic包下,有AtomicBoolean , AtomicInteger, AtomicLong, AtomicReference等类,它们的基本特性就是在多线程环境下,执行这些类实例包含的方法时,具有排他性,即当某个线程进入方法,执行其中的指令时,不会被其他线程打断,而别的线程就像自旋锁一样,一直等到该方法执行完成,才由JVM从等待队列中选择一个另一个线程进入。
举例说明
以AtomicBoolean为例,单线程执行普通的方法(如下),不会出现线程问题:
package com.secbro.test.atomic; /** * @author zhuzhisheng * @Description * @date on 2016/5/26. */ public class NormalBoolean implements Runnable{ public static boolean exits = false; private String name; public NormalBoolean(String name){ this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { if(!exits){ exits = true; System.out.println(name + ",step 1"); System.out.println(name + ",step 2"); System.out.println(name + ",step 3"); exits = false; } else { System.out.println(name + ",step else"); } } public static void main(String[] args) { new NormalBoolean("张三").run(); } }
然而,当多线程执行时,就会出现在执行判断之后的命令时,会有其他线程插入,变更exits的值。如下段代码:
package com.secbro.test.atomic; /** * @author zhuzhisheng * @Description * @date on 2016/5/26. */ public class NormalBoolean2 implements Runnable{ public static boolean exits = false; private String name; public NormalBoolean2(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { if(!exits){ try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } exits = true; System.out.println(name + ",step 1"); System.out.println(name + ",step 2"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + ",step 3"); exits = false; } else { System.out.println(name + ",step else"); } } }
同时执行两线程,打印结果为:
张三,step 1 李四,step 1 张三,step 2 李四,step 2 张三,step 3 李四,step 3
现在,使用AtomicBoolean就可以确保多线程的情况下安全的运行,只有一个线程进行业务处理。
package com.secbro.test.atomic; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean; /** * @author zhuzhisheng * @Description * @date on 2016/5/26. */ public class TestAtomicBoolean implements Runnable{ public static AtomicBoolean exits = new AtomicBoolean(false); private String name; public TestAtomicBoolean(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { if(exits.compareAndSet(false,true)){ try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + ",step 1"); System.out.println(name + ",step 2"); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(name + ",step 3"); exits.set(false); } else { System.out.println(name + ",step else"); } } }
当两个线程执行此类时,打印结果如下:
张三,step else 李四,step 1 李四,step 2 李四,step 3
测试类:
package com.secbro.test.atomic; /** * @author zhuzhisheng * @Description * @date on 2016/5/26. */ public class TestBoolean { public static void main(String[] args) { Thread thread1 = new Thread(new NormalBoolean2("李四")); Thread thread2 = new Thread(new NormalBoolean2("张三")); thread1.start(); thread2.start(); //------------------------------------------------------- Thread thread3 = new Thread(new TestAtomicBoolean("李四")); Thread thread4 = new Thread(new TestAtomicBoolean("张三")); thread3.start(); thread4.start(); } }
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