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python中常见数据库有哪些

爱喝马黛茶的安东尼
爱喝马黛茶的安东尼
Jun 12, 2019 am 11:11 AM
python数据库

python中常见的数据库有哪些呢？数据库大致分为两大类，第一类是包括关系数据库，第二类是非关系数据库，下面介绍一下这两类数据库的相关知识。

包括关系数据库：sqlite,mysql,mssql 

非关系数据库：MongoDB,Redis

python中常见数据库有哪些

1. 连接Sqlite

import sqlite3
import traceback
try:
    # 如果表不存在,就创建
    with sqlite3.connect('test.db') as conn:
        print("Opened database successfully")
        # 删除表
        conn.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
        # 创建表
        sql = """
                 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
               (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY       AUTOINCREMENT,
               NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
               AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
               ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
               SALARY         REAL);
        """
        conn.execute(sql)
        print("create table successfully")
        # 添加数据
        conn.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ? )",
                         [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
                          ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
                          ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
                          ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
                          ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
                          ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
                          ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( 'David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00 )");
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( 'Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00 )")
        #
        # conn.execute("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)\
        # VALUES ( 'James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00 )")
        # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
        conn.commit()
        print("insert successfully")
        # 查询表
        sql = """
            select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
         """
        result = conn.execute(sql)
        for row in result:
            print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
            print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
            print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
            print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
            print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
            print("%-10s %.2f" % ("salary", row[4]))
            # or
            # print('{:10s} {:.2f}'.format("salary", row[4]))
except sqlite3.Error as e:
    print("sqlite3 Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()

2.连接mysql 

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2.2 使用MySQLdb

2.1使用mysqldb库中的_mysql

import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
    # 获取一个数据库连接
    with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
                   (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL  auto_increment,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
                             ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
                             ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
                             ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
                             ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
                             ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
                             ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
    print("Mysql Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()  # 打印错误栈信息

2.2 使用MySQLdb

import MySQLdb
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
    # 获取一个数据库连接
    with closing(MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,charset='utf8')) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        with closing(conn.cursor()) as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
                   (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL  auto_increment,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
                             ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
                             ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
                             ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
                             ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
                             ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
                             ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except MySQLdb.Error as e:
    print("Mysql Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()  # 打印错误栈信息

2.3使用pymysql

2.1和2.2节使用MySQLdb，不支持Python3.x 
pymysql对Python2.x和Python3.x的支持都比较好

import pymysql
from contextlib import closing
import traceback
try:
    # 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
    # with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
    with closing(pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='test', port=3306,
                                 charset='utf8')) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        # 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
        with conn.cursor() as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS  COMPANY")
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS COMPANY
                   (ID INTEGER  PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL  auto_increment,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
                             ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
                             ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
                             ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00),
                             ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
                             ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
                             ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymysql.Error as e:
    print("Mysql Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()

3.连接mssql

import pymssql
from contextlib import closing
try:
    # 先要保证数据库中有test数据库
    # 获取一个数据库连接,with关键字 表示退出时,conn自动关闭
    # with 嵌套上一层的with 要使用closing()
    with closing(pymssql.connect(host='192.168.100.114', user='sa', password='sa12345', database='test', port=1433,
                                 charset='utf8')) as conn:
        print("connect database successfully")
        # 获取游标,with关键字 表示退出时,cur自动关闭
        with conn.cursor() as cur:
            # 删除表
            cur.execute(
                    '''if exists (select 1 from  sys.objects where name='COMPANY' and  type='U')  drop table COMPANY''')
            # 创建表
            sql = """
                     CREATE TABLE  COMPANY
                   (ID INT  IDENTITY(1,1) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL ,
                   NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL,
                   AGE            INT     NOT NULL,
                   ADDRESS        CHAR(50),
                   SALARY         REAL);
            """
            cur.execute(sql)
            print("create table successfully")
            # 添加数据
            # 在一个conn.execute里面里面执行多个sql语句是非法的
            cur.executemany("INSERT INTO COMPANY (NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES ( %s, %s, %s, %s )",
                            [('Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00),
                             ('Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00),
                             ('Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00),
                             ('Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond', 65000.00),
                             ('David', 27, 'Texas', 85000.00),
                             ('Kim', 22, 'South-Hall', 45000.00),
                             ('James', 24, 'Houston', 10000.00)])
            # 提交,否则重新运行程序时,表中无数据
            conn.commit()
            print("insert successfully")
            # 查询表
            sql = """
                select id,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY FROM COMPANY
             """
            cur.execute(sql)
            for row in cur.fetchall():
                print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
                print("%-10s %s" % ("id", row[0]))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
                print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row[1]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row[2]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row[3]))
                print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row[4]))
except pymssql.Error as e:
    print("mssql Error:", e)
    # traceback.print_exc()

4.连接MongoDB

import pymongo
from pymongo.mongo_client import MongoClient
import pymongo.errors
import traceback
try:
    # 连接到 mongodb 服务
    mongoClient = MongoClient('localhost', 27017)
    # 连接到数据库
    mongoDatabase = mongoClient.test
    print("connect database successfully")
    # 获取集合
    mongoCollection = mongoDatabase.COMPANY
    # 移除所有数据
    mongoCollection.remove()
    # 添加数据
    mongoCollection.insert_many([{"Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"},
                                 {"Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}, ])
    #获取集合中的值
    for row in mongoCollection.find():
        print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
        print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['_id']))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
        print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
    print('\n\n\n')
    # 使id自增
    mongoCollection.remove()
    # 创建计数表
    mongoDatabase.counters.save({"_id": "people_id", "sequence_value": 0})
    # 创建存储过程
    mongoDatabase.system_js.getSequenceValue = '''function getSequenceValue(sequenceName){
            var sequenceDocument = db.counters.findAndModify({
                query: {_id: sequenceName},
                update: {$inc:{sequence_value: 1}},
                new:true
            });
            return sequenceDocument.sequence_value;
        }'''
    mongoCollection.insert_many(
            [{"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32",
              "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25",
              "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23",
              "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25",
              "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "David", "Age": "27",
              "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22",
              "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"},
             {"_id": mongoDatabase.eval("getSequenceValue('people_id')"), "Name": "James", "Age": "24",
              "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}, ])
    for row in mongoCollection.find():
        print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
        print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", int(row['_id'])))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
        print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
        print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
except pymongo.errors.PyMongoError as e:
    print("mongo Error:", e)
    traceback.print_exc()

5.连接Redis

5.1使用redis

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0, password="12345")
print("connect", r.ping())
# 看信息
info = r.info()
# or 查看部分信息
# info = r.info("Server")
# 输出信息
items = info.items()
for i, (key, value) in enumerate(items):
    print("item %s----%s:%s" % (i, key, value))
# 删除键和对应的值
r.delete("company")
# 可以一次性push一条或多条数据
r.rpush("company", {"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"},
        {"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"},
        {"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"})
r.rpush("company", {"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"})
# eval用来将dict格式的字符串转换成dict
for row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))):
    print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
    print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['id']))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
    print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
# 关闭当前连接
# r.shutdown() #这个是关闭redis服务端

5.2使用pyredis

import pyredis
r = pyredis.Client(host='localhost', port=6379, database=0, password="12345")
print("connect", r.ping().decode("utf-8"))
# 看信息
# info = r.execute("info").decode()
# or 查看部分信息
info = r.execute("info", "Server").decode()
# 输出信息
print(info)
# 删除键和对应的值
r.delete("company")
# 可以一次性push一条或多条数据
r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 1, "Name": "Paul", "Age": "32", "Address": "California", "Salary": "20000.00"}''',
        '''{"id": 2, "Name": "Allen", "Age": "25", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "15000.00"}''',
        '''{"id": 3, "Name": "Teddy", "Age": "23", "Address": "Norway", "Salary": "20000.00"}''')
r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 4, "Name": "Mark", "Age": "25", "Address": "Rich-Mond", "Salary": "65000.00"}''')
r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 5, "Name": "David", "Age": "27", "Address": "Texas", "Salary": "85000.00"}''')
r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 6, "Name": "Kim", "Age": "22", "Address": "South-Hall", "Salary": "45000.00"}''')
r.rpush("company", '''{"id": 7, "Name": "James", "Age": "24", "Address": "Houston", "Salary": "10000.00"}''')
# eval用来将dict格式的字符串转换成dict
for row in map(lambda x: eval(x), r.lrange("company", 0, r.llen("company"))):
    print("-" * 50)  # 输出50个-,作为分界线
    print("%-10s %s" % ("_id", row['id']))  # 字段名固定10位宽度,并且左对齐
    print("%-10s %s" % ("name", row['Name']))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("age", row['Age']))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("address", row['Address']))
    print("%-10s %s" % ("salary", row['Salary']))
# 关闭当前连接
r.close()

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