react antd-mobile项目中如何实现 css 与 less 局部作用域化的功能

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1、前言

最近搭建的 react 项目想引入 less ,并实现样式局部作用域化，但是在网上找了很多方法试过了都不行，最后打到解决方法，在此记下这惨痛的历程。

2、create-react-app

create-react-app 是业界最优秀的 React 相关应用开发工具之一，本文档就是以此工具来使用 antd-mobile 组件。

安装和初始化#

$ npm install -g create-react-app

# 注意：工具会自动初始化一个脚手架并安装 React 项目的各种必要依赖，如果在过程中出现网络问题，请尝试配置代理或使用其他 npm registry。
$ create-react-app my-app

$ cd my-app
$ npm start

打开 http://localhost:3000/ 访问你的应用。

3、修改 css 配置

下面是修改文件 webpack.config.js。

module.exports = {
   entry: __dirname + '/index.js',
   output: {
     publicPath: '/',
     filename: './bundle.js'
   },
   module: {
     loaders: [
       {
         test: /\.jsx?$/,
         exclude: /node_modules/,
         loader: 'babel',
         query: {
           presets: ['es2015', 'stage-0', 'react']
         }
       },
       {
         test: /\.css$/,
         loader: "style-loader!css-loader?modules"
       },
     ]
   }
 };

上面代码中，关键的一行是style-loader!css-loader?modules，它在css-loader后面加了一个查询参数modules，表示打开 CSS Modules 功能。

4、 配置 less

首先安装 less 和 less-loader

npm i --save-dev less less-loader

然后在 webpack.config.dev 中配置 less :

//这里我开启自己编写的less文件的css modules功能 除了node_modules库中的less，
                    //也就是可以过滤掉antd库中的样式
                    {
                        test: /\.less$/,
                        exclude: [/node_modules/],
                        use: [
                            require.resolve('style-loader'),
                            {
                                loader: require.resolve('css-loader'),
                                options: {
                                    modules: true,
                                    localIndexName: "[name]__[local]___[hash:base64:5]"
                                },
                            },
                            {
                                loader: require.resolve('less-loader'), // compiles Less to CSS
                            },
                        ],
                    },

5、完整配置

送上完整的 webpack.config.dev  配置：

'use strict';

const autoprefixer = require('autoprefixer');
const path = require('path');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');
const CaseSensitivePathsPlugin = require('case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin');
const InterpolateHtmlPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/InterpolateHtmlPlugin');
const WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin = require('react-dev-utils/WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin');
const eslintFormatter = require('react-dev-utils/eslintFormatter');
const ModuleScopePlugin = require('react-dev-utils/ModuleScopePlugin');
const getClientEnvironment = require('./env');
const paths = require('./paths');

// Webpack uses `publicPath` to determine where the app is being served from.
// In development, we always serve from the root. This makes config easier.
const publicPath = '/';
// `publicUrl` is just like `publicPath`, but we will provide it to our app
// as %PUBLIC_URL% in `index.html` and `process.env.PUBLIC_URL` in JavaScript.
// Omit trailing slash as %PUBLIC_PATH%/xyz looks better than %PUBLIC_PATH%xyz.
const publicUrl = '';
// Get environment variables to inject into our app.
const env = getClientEnvironment(publicUrl);

// This is the development configuration.
// It is focused on developer experience and fast rebuilds.
// The production configuration is different and lives in a separate file.
module.exports = {
    // You may want 'eval' instead if you prefer to see the compiled output in DevTools.
    // See the discussion in https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/343.
    devtool: 'cheap-module-source-map',
    // These are the "entry points" to our application.
    // This means they will be the "root" imports that are included in JS bundle.
    // The first two entry points enable "hot" CSS and auto-refreshes for JS.
    entry: [
        // We ship a few polyfills by default:
        require.resolve('./polyfills'),
        // Include an alternative client for WebpackDevServer. A client's job is to
        // connect to WebpackDevServer by a socket and get notified about changes.
        // When you save a file, the client will either apply hot updates (in case
        // of CSS changes), or refresh the page (in case of JS changes). When you
        // make a syntax error, this client will display a syntax error overlay.
        // Note: instead of the default WebpackDevServer client, we use a custom one
        // to bring better experience for Create React App users. You can replace
        // the line below with these two lines if you prefer the stock client:
        // require.resolve('webpack-dev-server/client') + '?/',
        // require.resolve('webpack/hot/dev-server'),
        require.resolve('react-dev-utils/webpackHotDevClient'),
        // Finally, this is your app's code:
        paths.appIndexJs,
        // We include the app code last so that if there is a runtime error during
        // initialization, it doesn't blow up the WebpackDevServer client, and
        // changing JS code would still trigger a refresh.
    ],
    output: {
        // Add /* filename */ comments to generated require()s in the output.
        pathinfo: true,
        // This does not produce a real file. It's just the virtual path that is
        // served by WebpackDevServer in development. This is the JS bundle
        // containing code from all our entry points, and the Webpack runtime.
        filename: 'static/js/bundle.js',
        // There are also additional JS chunk files if you use code splitting.
        chunkFilename: 'static/js/[name].chunk.js',
        // This is the URL that app is served from. We use "/" in development.
        publicPath: publicPath,
        // Point sourcemap entries to original disk location (format as URL on Windows)
        devtoolModuleFilenameTemplate: info =>
            path.resolve(info.absoluteResourcePath).replace(/\\/g, '/'),
    },
    resolve: {
        // This allows you to set a fallback for where Webpack should look for modules.
        // We placed these paths second because we want `node_modules` to "win"
        // if there are any conflicts. This matches Node resolution mechanism.
        // https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/253
        modules: ['node_modules', paths.appNodeModules].concat(
            // It is guaranteed to exist because we tweak it in `env.js`
            process.env.NODE_PATH.split(path.delimiter).filter(Boolean)
        ),
        // These are the reasonable defaults supported by the Node ecosystem.
        // We also include JSX as a common component filename extension to support
        // some tools, although we do not recommend using it, see:
        // https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/290
        // `web` extension prefixes have been added for better support
        // for React Native Web.
        extensions: ['.web.js', '.mjs', '.js', '.json', '.web.jsx', '.jsx'],
        alias: {

            // Support React Native Web
            // https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/08/a-glimpse-into-the-future-with-react-native-for-web/
            'react-native': 'react-native-web',
        },
        plugins: [
            // Prevents users from importing files from outside of src/ (or node_modules/).
            // This often causes confusion because we only process files within src/ with babel.
            // To fix this, we prevent you from importing files out of src/ -- if you'd like to,
            // please link the files into your node_modules/ and let module-resolution kick in.
            // Make sure your source files are compiled, as they will not be processed in any way.
            new ModuleScopePlugin(paths.appSrc, [paths.appPackageJson]),
        ],
    },
    module: {
        strictExportPresence: true,
        rules: [
            // TODO: Disable require.ensure as it's not a standard language feature.
            // We are waiting for https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/2176.
            // { parser: { requireEnsure: false } },

            // First, run the linter.
            // It's important to do this before Babel processes the JS.
            {
                test: /\.(js|jsx|mjs)$/,
                enforce: 'pre',
                use: [{
                    options: {
                        formatter: eslintFormatter,
                        eslintPath: require.resolve('eslint'),

                    },
                    loader: require.resolve('eslint-loader'),
                }, ],
                include: paths.appSrc,
            },
            {
                // "oneOf" will traverse all following loaders until one will
                // match the requirements. When no loader matches it will fall
                // back to the "file" loader at the end of the loader list.
                oneOf: [
                    // "url" loader works like "file" loader except that it embeds assets
                    // smaller than specified limit in bytes as data URLs to avoid requests.
                    // A missing `test` is equivalent to a match.
                    {
                        test: [/\.bmp$/, /\.gif$/, /\.jpe?g$/, /\.png$/],
                        loader: require.resolve('url-loader'),
                        options: {
                            limit: 10000,
                            name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
                        },
                    },
                    // Process JS with Babel.
                    {
                        test: /\.(js|jsx|mjs)$/,
                        include: paths.appSrc,
                        loader: require.resolve('babel-loader'),
                        options: {

                            // This is a feature of `babel-loader` for webpack (not Babel itself).
                            // It enables caching results in ./node_modules/.cache/babel-loader/
                            // directory for faster rebuilds.
                            cacheDirectory: true,
                        },
                    },
                    {
                        test: /\.css$/,
                        loader: "style-loader!css-loader?modules"
                    },
                    //@Lynn 这里我开启自己编写的less文件的css modules功能 除了node_modules库中的less，
                    //也就是可以过滤掉antd库中的样式
                    {
                        test: /\.less$/,
                        exclude: [/node_modules/],
                        use: [
                            require.resolve('style-loader'),
                            {
                                loader: require.resolve('css-loader'),
                                options: {
                                    modules: true,
                                    localIndexName:"[name]__[local]___[hash:base64:5]"
                                },
                            },
                            {
                                loader: require.resolve('less-loader'), // compiles Less to CSS
                            },
                        ],
                    },
                    // "file" loader makes sure those assets get served by WebpackDevServer.
                    // When you `import` an asset, you get its (virtual) filename.
                    // In production, they would get copied to the `build` folder.
                    // This loader doesn't use a "test" so it will catch all modules
                    // that fall through the other loaders.
                    {
                        // Exclude `js` files to keep "css" loader working as it injects
                        // its runtime that would otherwise processed through "file" loader.
                        // Also exclude `html` and `json` extensions so they get processed
                        // by webpacks internal loaders.
                        exclude: [/\.(js|jsx|mjs)$/, /\.html$/, /\.json$/],
                        loader: require.resolve('file-loader'),
                        options: {
                            name: 'static/media/[name].[hash:8].[ext]',
                        },
                    },
                ],
            },
            // ** STOP ** Are you adding a new loader?
            // Make sure to add the new loader(s) before the "file" loader.
        ],
    },
    plugins: [
        // extractLess,
        // Makes some environment variables available in index.html.
        // The public URL is available as %PUBLIC_URL% in index.html, e.g.:
        // <link rel="shortcut icon" href="%PUBLIC_URL%/favicon.ico">
        // In development, this will be an empty string.
        new InterpolateHtmlPlugin(env.raw),
        // Generates an `index.html` file with the <script> injected.
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
            inject: true,
            template: paths.appHtml,
        }),
        // Add module names to factory functions so they appear in browser profiler.
        new webpack.NamedModulesPlugin(),
        // Makes some environment variables available to the JS code, for example:
        // if (process.env.NODE_ENV === 'development') { ... }. See `./env.js`.
        new webpack.DefinePlugin(env.stringified),
        // This is necessary to emit hot updates (currently CSS only):
        new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin(),
        // Watcher doesn't work well if you mistype casing in a path so we use
        // a plugin that prints an error when you attempt to do this.
        // See https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/240
        new CaseSensitivePathsPlugin(),
        // If you require a missing module and then `npm install` it, you still have
        // to restart the development server for Webpack to discover it. This plugin
        // makes the discovery automatic so you don't have to restart.
        // See https://github.com/facebookincubator/create-react-app/issues/186
        new WatchMissingNodeModulesPlugin(paths.appNodeModules),
        // Moment.js is an extremely popular library that bundles large locale files
        // by default due to how Webpack interprets its code. This is a practical
        // solution that requires the user to opt into importing specific locales.
        // https://github.com/jmblog/how-to-optimize-momentjs-with-webpack
        // You can remove this if you don't use Moment.js:
        new webpack.IgnorePlugin(/^\.\/locale$/, /moment$/),
    ],
    // Some libraries import Node modules but don't use them in the browser.
    // Tell Webpack to provide empty mocks for them so importing them works.
    node: {
        dgram: 'empty',
        fs: 'empty',
        net: 'empty',
        tls: 'empty',
        child_process: 'empty',
    },
    // Turn off performance hints during development because we don't do any
    // splitting or minification in interest of speed. These warnings become
    // cumbersome.
    performance: {
        hints: false,
    },
};

webpack.config.prod 中的配置也同理，把 css 与 less 的配置覆盖到 webpack.config.prod 中相应的位置即可

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