Sun公司开发一组标准api,他们只是接口,并没有提供实现类,由数据库厂商提供实现类,即驱动程序
jdbc操作过程:1.jar包导入;2.定义记录的类(如Student类);3.连接的获取;4.sql的执行 。
// sql的执行 // insert private static int insert(Student student) { Connection conn = getConn(); int i = 0; String sql = "insert into students (Name,Sex,Age) values(?,?,?)"; PreparedStatement pstmt; try { pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql); pstmt.setString(1, student.getName()); pstmt.setString(2, student.getSex()); pstmt.setString(3, student.getAge()); i = pstmt.executeUpdate(); pstmt.close(); conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return i; } // update private static int update(Student student) { Connection conn = getConn(); int i = 0; String sql = "update students set Age='" + student.getAge() + "' where Name='" + student.getName() + "'"; PreparedStatement pstmt; try { pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql); i = pstmt.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("resutl: " + i); pstmt.close(); conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return i; } // select xx from tableName private static Integer getAll() { Connection conn = getConn(); String sql = "select * from students"; PreparedStatement pstmt; try { pstmt = (PreparedStatement)conn.prepareStatement(sql); ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); int col = rs.getMetaData().getColumnCount(); System.out.println("============================"); while (rs.next()) { for (int i = 1; i <= col; i++) { System.out.print(rs.getString(i) + "\t"); if ((i == 2) && (rs.getString(i).length() < 8)) { System.out.print("\t"); } } System.out.println(""); } System.out.println("============================"); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return null; } // delete private static int delete(String name) { Connection conn = getConn(); int i = 0; String sql = "delete from students where Name='" + name + "'"; PreparedStatement pstmt; try { pstmt = (PreparedStatement) conn.prepareStatement(sql); i = pstmt.executeUpdate(); System.out.println("resutl: " + i); pstmt.close(); conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return i; }
测试:
// 测试 public static void main(String args[]) { JDBCOperation.getAll(); JDBCOperation.insert(new Student("Achilles", "Male", "14")); JDBCOperation.getAll(); JDBCOperation.update(new Student("Bean", "", "7")); JDBCOperation.delete("Achilles"); JDBCOperation.getAll(); }
输出结果:
============================ 1 Ender male 8 2 Bean male 6 3 Petra fema 9 4 Peter male 9 5 _Graff male 40 6 GOD fema 255 ============================ ============================ 1 Ender male 8 2 Bean male 6 3 Petra fema 9 4 Peter male 9 5 _Graff male 40 6 GOD fema 255 7 Achilles Male 14 ============================ resutl: 1 resutl: 1 ============================ 1 Ender male 8 2 Bean male 7 3 Petra fema 9 4 Peter male 9 5 _Graff male 40 6 GOD fema 255 ============================
在上述对数据库进行增删改查的过程中,可以发现其共性部分,即通用的流程:
(1)创建Connection对象、SQL查询命令字符串;
(2)对Connection对象传入SQL查询命令,获得PreparedStatement对象;
(3)对PreparedStatement对象执行executeUpdate()或executeQurey()获得结果;
(4)先后关闭PreparedStatement对象和Connection对象。
可见,使用JDBC时,最常打交道的是Connection、PreparedStatement这两个类,以及select中的ResultSet类。
1.每次SQL操作都需要建立和关闭连接,这势必会消耗大量的资源开销,如何避免?
分析:可以采用连接池,对连接进行统一维护,不必每次都建立和关闭。事实上这是很多对JDBC进行封装的工具所采用的。
2.Java代码中,传入的数据格式与数据库定义不同怎么办?如把Java的String对象赋值给数据库的tinyint属性。
分析:在执行SQL语句时,数据库会尝试进行转换。根据我的实验,如果用内容为纯字母的String对象传入tinyint的age属性时,会被转化成0。具体转化规则应该和数据库有关。
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