PHP将汉字转换为拼音及获取词语首字母的方法

这篇文章主要介绍了PHP将汉字转换为拼音及获取词语首字母的方法,涉及php字符串、数组的遍历及编码转换相关操作技巧,需要的朋友可以参考下

具体如下：

最近要开发将汉字转换为拼音和得到首字的功能记录下来哈子：呵呵~

class Pinyin{
  private $_outEncoding = "GB2312";
  public function getPinyin($str,$pix=' ',$code = 'gb2312'){
    $_DataKey = "a|ai|an|ang|ao|ba|bai|ban|bang|bao|bei|ben|beng|bi|bian|biao|bie|bin|bing|bo|bu|ca|cai|can|cang|cao|ce|ceng|cha" . "|chai|chan|chang|chao|che|chen|cheng|chi|chong|chou|chu|chuai|chuan|chuang|chui|chun|chuo|ci|cong|cou|cu|" . "cuan|cui|cun|cuo|da|dai|dan|dang|dao|de|deng|di|dian|diao|die|ding|diu|dong|dou|du|duan|dui|dun|duo|e|en|er" . "|fa|fan|fang|fei|fen|feng|fo|fou|fu|ga|gai|gan|gang|gao|ge|gei|gen|geng|gong|gou|gu|gua|guai|guan|guang|gui" . "|gun|guo|ha|hai|han|hang|hao|he|hei|hen|heng|hong|hou|hu|hua|huai|huan|huang|hui|hun|huo|ji|jia|jian|jiang" . "|jiao|jie|jin|jing|jiong|jiu|ju|juan|jue|jun|ka|kai|kan|kang|kao|ke|ken|keng|kong|kou|ku|kua|kuai|kuan|kuang" . "|kui|kun|kuo|la|lai|lan|lang|lao|le|lei|leng|li|lia|lian|liang|liao|lie|lin|ling|liu|long|lou|lu|lv|luan|lue" . "|lun|luo|ma|mai|man|mang|mao|me|mei|men|meng|mi|mian|miao|mie|min|ming|miu|mo|mou|mu|na|nai|nan|nang|nao|ne" . "|nei|nen|neng|ni|nian|niang|niao|nie|nin|ning|niu|nong|nu|nv|nuan|nue|nuo|o|ou|pa|pai|pan|pang|pao|pei|pen" . "|peng|pi|pian|piao|pie|pin|ping|po|pu|qi|qia|qian|qiang|qiao|qie|qin|qing|qiong|qiu|qu|quan|que|qun|ran|rang" . "|rao|re|ren|reng|ri|rong|rou|ru|ruan|rui|run|ruo|sa|sai|san|sang|sao|se|sen|seng|sha|shai|shan|shang|shao|" . "she|shen|sheng|shi|shou|shu|shua|shuai|shuan|shuang|shui|shun|shuo|si|song|sou|su|suan|sui|sun|suo|ta|tai|" . "tan|tang|tao|te|teng|ti|tian|tiao|tie|ting|tong|tou|tu|tuan|tui|tun|tuo|wa|wai|wan|wang|wei|wen|weng|wo|wu" . "|xi|xia|xian|xiang|xiao|xie|xin|xing|xiong|xiu|xu|xuan|xue|xun|ya|yan|yang|yao|ye|yi|yin|ying|yo|yong|you" . "|yu|yuan|yue|yun|za|zai|zan|zang|zao|ze|zei|zen|zeng|zha|zhai|zhan|zhang|zhao|zhe|zhen|zheng|zhi|zhong|" . "zhou|zhu|zhua|zhuai|zhuan|zhuang|zhui|zhun|zhuo|zi|zong|zou|zu|zuan|zui|zun|zuo";
    $_DataValue = "-20319|-20317|-20304|-20295|-20292|-20283|-20265|-20257|-20242|-20230|-20051|-20036|-20032|-20026|-20002|-19990" . "|-19986|-19982|-19976|-19805|-19784|-19775|-19774|-19763|-19756|-19751|-19746|-19741|-19739|-19728|-19725" . "|-19715|-19540|-19531|-19525|-19515|-19500|-19484|-19479|-19467|-19289|-19288|-19281|-19275|-19270|-19263" . "|-19261|-19249|-19243|-19242|-19238|-19235|-19227|-19224|-19218|-19212|-19038|-19023|-19018|-19006|-19003" . "|-18996|-18977|-18961|-18952|-18783|-18774|-18773|-18763|-18756|-18741|-18735|-18731|-18722|-18710|-18697" . "|-18696|-18526|-18518|-18501|-18490|-18478|-18463|-18448|-18447|-18446|-18239|-18237|-18231|-18220|-18211" . "|-18201|-18184|-18183|-18181|-18012|-17997|-17988|-17970|-17964|-17961|-17950|-17947|-17931|-17928|-17922" . "|-17759|-17752|-17733|-17730|-17721|-17703|-17701|-17697|-17692|-17683|-17676|-17496|-17487|-17482|-17468" . "|-17454|-17433|-17427|-17417|-17202|-17185|-16983|-16970|-16942|-16915|-16733|-16708|-16706|-16689|-16664" . "|-16657|-16647|-16474|-16470|-16465|-16459|-16452|-16448|-16433|-16429|-16427|-16423|-16419|-16412|-16407" . "|-16403|-16401|-16393|-16220|-16216|-16212|-16205|-16202|-16187|-16180|-16171|-16169|-16158|-16155|-15959" . "|-15958|-15944|-15933|-15920|-15915|-15903|-15889|-15878|-15707|-15701|-15681|-15667|-15661|-15659|-15652" . "|-15640|-15631|-15625|-15454|-15448|-15436|-15435|-15419|-15416|-15408|-15394|-15385|-15377|-15375|-15369" . "|-15363|-15362|-15183|-15180|-15165|-15158|-15153|-15150|-15149|-15144|-15143|-15141|-15140|-15139|-15128" . "|-15121|-15119|-15117|-15110|-15109|-14941|-14937|-14933|-14930|-14929|-14928|-14926|-14922|-14921|-14914" . "|-14908|-14902|-14894|-14889|-14882|-14873|-14871|-14857|-14678|-14674|-14670|-14668|-14663|-14654|-14645" . "|-14630|-14594|-14429|-14407|-14399|-14384|-14379|-14368|-14355|-14353|-14345|-14170|-14159|-14151|-14149" . "|-14145|-14140|-14137|-14135|-14125|-14123|-14122|-14112|-14109|-14099|-14097|-14094|-14092|-14090|-14087" . "|-14083|-13917|-13914|-13910|-13907|-13906|-13905|-13896|-13894|-13878|-13870|-13859|-13847|-13831|-13658" . "|-13611|-13601|-13406|-13404|-13400|-13398|-13395|-13391|-13387|-13383|-13367|-13359|-13356|-13343|-13340" . "|-13329|-13326|-13318|-13147|-13138|-13120|-13107|-13096|-13095|-13091|-13076|-13068|-13063|-13060|-12888" . "|-12875|-12871|-12860|-12858|-12852|-12849|-12838|-12831|-12829|-12812|-12802|-12607|-12597|-12594|-12585" . "|-12556|-12359|-12346|-12320|-12300|-12120|-12099|-12089|-12074|-12067|-12058|-12039|-11867|-11861|-11847" . "|-11831|-11798|-11781|-11604|-11589|-11536|-11358|-11340|-11339|-11324|-11303|-11097|-11077|-11067|-11055" . "|-11052|-11045|-11041|-11038|-11024|-11020|-11019|-11018|-11014|-10838|-10832|-10815|-10800|-10790|-10780" . "|-10764|-10587|-10544|-10533|-10519|-10331|-10329|-10328|-10322|-10315|-10309|-10307|-10296|-10281|-10274" . "|-10270|-10262|-10260|-10256|-10254";
    $_TDataKey = explode ( '|', $_DataKey );
    $_TDataValue = explode ( '|', $_DataValue );
    $data = (PHP_VERSION >= '5.0') ? array_combine ( $_TDataKey, $_TDataValue ) : $this->_Array_Combine( $_TDataKey, $_TDataValue );
    arsort ( $data );
    reset ( $data );
    $str = $this->safe_encoding ( $str );
    $_Res = '';
    for($i = 0; $i < strlen ( $str ); $i ++) {
      $_P = ord ( substr ( $str, $i, 1 ) );
      if ($_P > 160) {
        $_Q = ord ( substr ( $str, ++ $i, 1 ) );
        $_P = $_P * 256 + $_Q - 65536;
      }
      $_Res .= $this->_Pinyin ( $_P, $data ).$pix;
    }
    return preg_replace ( "/[^a-z0-9".$pix."]*/", &#39;&#39;, $_Res );
  }
  private function _Pinyin($_Num, $_Data) {
    if ($_Num > 0 && $_Num < 160)
      return chr ( $_Num );
    elseif ($_Num < - 20319 || $_Num > - 10247)
      return &#39;&#39;;
    else {
      foreach ( $_Data as $k => $v ) {
        if ($v <= $_Num)
          break;
      }
      return $k;
    }
  }
  public function getFirstChar($str=&#39;&#39;){
    if( !$str ) return null;
    $fchar=ord($str{0});
    if($fchar>=ord("A") and $fchar<=ord("z") )return strtoupper($str{0});
    $s= $this->safe_encoding($str);
    $asc=ord($s{0})*256+ord($s{1})-65536;
    if($asc>=-20319 and $asc<=-20284)return "A";
    if($asc>=-20283 and $asc<=-19776)return "B";
    if($asc>=-19775 and $asc<=-19219)return "C";
    if($asc>=-19218 and $asc<=-18711)return "D";
    if($asc>=-18710 and $asc<=-18527)return "E";
    if($asc>=-18526 and $asc<=-18240)return "F";
    if($asc>=-18239 and $asc<=-17923)return "G";
    if($asc>=-17922 and $asc<=-17418)return "H";
    if($asc>=-17417 and $asc<=-16475)return "J";
    if($asc>=-16474 and $asc<=-16213)return "K";
    if($asc>=-16212 and $asc<=-15641)return "L";
    if($asc>=-15640 and $asc<=-15166)return "M";
    if($asc>=-15165 and $asc<=-14923)return "N";
    if($asc>=-14922 and $asc<=-14915)return "O";
    if($asc>=-14914 and $asc<=-14631)return "P";
    if($asc>=-14630 and $asc<=-14150)return "Q";
    if($asc>=-14149 and $asc<=-14091)return "R";
    if($asc>=-14090 and $asc<=-13319)return "S";
    if($asc>=-13318 and $asc<=-12839)return "T";
    if($asc>=-12838 and $asc<=-12557)return "W";
    if($asc>=-12556 and $asc<=-11848)return "X";
    if($asc>=-11847 and $asc<=-11056)return "Y";
    if($asc>=-11055 and $asc<=-10247)return "Z";
    return null;
  }
  function safe_encoding($string) {
    $encoding="UTF-8";
    for($i=0;$i<strlen($string);$i++) {
      if(ord($string{$i})<128) continue;
      if((ord($string{$i})&224)==224) { //第一个字节判断通过
        $char=$string{++$i};
        if((ord($char)&128)==128) { //第二个字节判断通过
          $char=$string{++$i};
          if((ord($char)&128)==128) {
            $encoding="UTF-8";
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if((ord($string{$i})&192)==192) { //第一个字节判断通过
        $char=$string{++$i};
        if((ord($char)&128)==128) { //第二个字节判断通过
          $encoding="GB2312";
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if(strtoupper($encoding)==strtoupper($this->_outEncoding))
      return $string;
    else
      return iconv($encoding,$this->_outEncoding,$string);
  }
  private function _Array_Combine($_Arr1, $_Arr2){
    for($i = 0; $i < count ( $_Arr1 ); $i ++)
      $_Res [$_Arr1 [$i]] = $_Arr2 [$i];
    return $_Res;
  }
}

测试代码如下：

$pinyin = new Pinyin();
echo $pinyin->getFirstChar("湖北武汉")."<br/>";
echo $pinyin->getPinyin("北上广")."<br/>";
echo $pinyin->getPinyin("火影")."<br/>";
echo $pinyin->getFirstChar("获得")."<br/>";
echo $pinyin->getFirstChar("TOM")."<br/>";

运行结果：

H
bei shang guang 
huo ying 
H
T

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