SSL连接的实例教程

                                                                                         MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

1. 背景

   * 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中

   * 当使用非加密方式连接MySQL数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用SSL连接的方式。

     *  版本小于5.7.6时按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL配置的方式进行。

 

2. MySQL 连接方式

 

   * socket连接

 

   * TCP非SSL连接

 

   * SSL安全连接

 

        * SSL + 密码连接 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]

 

　　  * SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

 

3. SSL 简介

 

  * SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。

4. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]

* system 环境

[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)
[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce
Disabled

* MySQL 环境 [ MySQL 5.7安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 ]

 have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为DISABLED表示ssl未开启

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p'123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.18    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';
+---------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value    |
+---------------+----------+
| have_openssl  | DISABLED |
| have_ssl      | DISABLED |
+---------------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'port';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port          | 3306  |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'datadir';
+---------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value             |
+---------------+-------------------+
| datadir       | /data/mysql_data/ |
+---------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5. SSL配置

   *  利用自带工具生成SSL相关文件

 

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_data
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
..........................................................................+++
.....+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.......................................................................................................................................................................+++
...+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.....................+++
...........................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----
 * 查看生成的SSL文件

[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重启 MySQL 服务

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

  * 连接MySQL 查看SSL开启状态

     have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为YES表示ssl开启成功

 

mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_openssl  | YES   |
| have_ssl      | YES   |
+---------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

6. SSL + 密码连接测试

    * 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]

 

mysql> create user 'ssl_test'@'%' identified by '123' require SSL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通过密码连接测试 [ 默认采用SSL连接，需要指定不使用SSL连接 ]

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'ssl_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)

  * 通过 SSL + 密码 连接测试

       SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接

 

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123'  --ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:     12
Current database:
Current user:      ssl_test@192.168.60.129
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:     stdout
Using outfile:     ''
Using delimiter:   ;
Server version:        5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:  10
Connection:     192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:   latin1
Db     characterset:   latin1
Client characterset:   utf8
Conn.  characterset:  utf8
TCP port:      3306
Uptime:         7 min 34 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 29  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 112  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 105  Queries per second avg: 0.063
--------------

 

7. SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

 

    * 创建用户并指定 X509 [ SSL+密钥 ] 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]

 

mysql> create user 'X509_test'@'%' identified by '123' require X509;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通过密码连接测试

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl=0
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)
* 通过 SSL +密码 连接测试

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)

  * 通过 SSL + 密码＋密钥连接测试

　   SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接

 

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 21
Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:     21
Current database:
Current user:      X509_test@192.168.60.129
SSL:            Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
Current pager:     stdout
Using outfile:     ''
Using delimiter:   ;
Server version:        5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:  10
Connection:     192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:   latin1
Db     characterset:   latin1
Client characterset:   utf8
Conn.  characterset:  utf8
TCP port:      3306
Uptime:         18 min 27 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 40  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 118  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 111  Queries per second avg: 0.036
--------------

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