HTML5-canvas的使用方法介绍
- PHP中文网原创
- 2017-06-21 15:52:141666浏览
你可以通过多种方法使用Canva绘制路径,盒、圆、字符以及添加图像。
注意: 默认情况下
画方
<span style="color: #008000"><!--</span><span style="color: #008000">fillStyle是填充样式，如果不设置fillStyle属性，默认填充色为黑色，fillRect是画一个矩形，参数为X,Y,Width,Height</span><span style="color: #008000">--></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="UTF-8"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="author"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> content</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="赵慧娟"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">script </span><span style="color: #ff0000">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js?1.1.10"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></</span><span style="color: #800000">script</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">script </span><span style="color: #ff0000">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="text/javascript"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">$(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">function</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">(){</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">var</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000"> canvas</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">=</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">document.getElementById(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">myCanvas</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">var</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000"> ctx</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">=</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">canvas.getContext(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">2d</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">);
ctx.fillStyle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">=</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">deeppink</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;
ctx.fillRect(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">10</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">10</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">100</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">100</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">);<br> <span style="color: #339966"> //ctx.moveTo(0,0); //定义开始坐标</span><br><span style="color: #339966"> //ctx.lineTo(100,100); //定义结束坐标</span><br><span style="color: #339966"> //ctx.stroke(); //绘制线条</span><br></span>
})</script></head><body><canvas id="myCanvas" width="100" height="100"></canvas></body></html>
运行结果：
画圆
<span style="color: #008000"><!--</span><span style="color: #008000">arc画圆，参数是X,Y,半径，起始角，结束角，顺时针/逆时针(可选)XY指的是圆点的距离</span><span style="color: #008000">--></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><!</span><span style="color: #ff00ff">DOCTYPE html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">meta </span><span style="color: #ff0000">charset</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="UTF-8"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> name</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="author"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> content</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="赵慧娟"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></</span><span style="color: #800000">title</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">script </span><span style="color: #ff0000">src</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js?1.1.10"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></</span><span style="color: #800000">script</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">script </span><span style="color: #ff0000">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="text/javascript"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">$(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">function</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">(){</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">var</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000"> canvas</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">=</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">document.getElementById(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">myCanvas</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">)</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff">var</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000"> ctx</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">=</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">canvas.getContext(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">2d</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">);
ctx.fillStyle</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">=</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">deeppink</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">"</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;
ctx.arc(</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">50</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">50</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">50</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">0</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">,</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">2</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">*</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">Math.PI);
ctx.stroke();<br><span class="hl-identifier"> <span style="color: #339966">//ctx</span><span class="hl-code"><span style="color: #339966">.</span><span class="hl-identifier"><span style="color: #339966">fillText</span><span class="hl-brackets"><span style="color: #339966">(</span><span class="hl-quotes"><span style="color: #339966">"</span><span class="hl-string"><span style="color: #339966">Hello World</span><span class="hl-quotes"><span style="color: #339966">"</span><span class="hl-code"><span style="color: #339966">,</span><span class="hl-number"><span style="color: #339966">10</span><span class="hl-code"><span style="color: #339966">,</span><span class="hl-number"><span style="color: #339966">50</span><span class="hl-brackets"><span style="color: #339966">)</span><span class="hl-code"><span style="color: #339966">; //绘制实心字体</span><br><span style="color: #339966"> //<span class="hl-identifier">ctx<span class="hl-code">.<span class="hl-identifier">strokeText<span class="hl-brackets">(<span class="hl-quotes">"<span class="hl-string">Hello World<span class="hl-quotes">"<span class="hl-code">,<span class="hl-number">10<span class="hl-code">,<span class="hl-number">50<span class="hl-brackets">)<span class="hl-code">; //绘制空心字体</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>})</span><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">script</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">style </span><span style="color: #ff0000">type</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="text/css"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #800000">canvas</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">{</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #ff0000">border</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">:</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #0000ff"> 1px solid #000</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">;</span><span style="background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #000000">}</span><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">style</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">head</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"><</span><span style="color: #800000">canvas </span><span style="color: #ff0000">id</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="myCanvas"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> width</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="100"</span><span style="color: #ff0000"> height</span><span style="color: #0000ff">="100"</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></</span><span style="color: #800000">canvas</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">body</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span><span style="color: #0000ff"></</span><span style="color: #800000">html</span><span style="color: #0000ff">></span>运行结果：
渐变
createLinearGradient(x,y,x1,y1) - 创建线条渐变
createRadialGradient(x,y,r,x1,y1,r1) - 创建一个径向/圆渐变
// 创建渐变var grd=ctx.createLinearGradient(0,0,200,0); grd.addColorStop(0,"red"); grd.addColorStop(1,"blue"); // 填充渐变ctx.fillStyle=grd; ctx.fillRect(10,10,150,80);
运行结果：
径向/圆渐变
var c=document.getElementById("myCanvas");
var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
// 创建渐变
var grd=ctx.createRadialGradient(75,50,5,90,60,100);
grd.addColorStop(0,"red");
grd.addColorStop(1,"white");
// 填充渐变
ctx.fillStyle=grd;
ctx.fillRect(10,10,150,80);运行结果：
图像
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8" name="author" content="赵慧娟"><title></title><script src="Scripts/jquery-1.10.2.js?1.1.10"></script><style type="text/css">canvas{border: 1px solid #000;}#flower{border: 1px solid #000;width: 100px;height: 100px;}</style></head><body><img src="img/a.ico" id="flower" /><canvas id="myCanvas" width="100" height="100"></canvas><script type="text/javascript">$(function(){var canvas=document.getElementById("myCanvas")var ctx=canvas.getContext("2d");var img=document.getElementById("flower");
img.onload=function(){
ctx.drawImage(img,20,20,80,80); //drawImage（对象，X,Y，W,H）}
})</script></body></html>运行结果：
（右图为canvas图像）
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