Linux下安装配置MySQL的教程
- 黄舟原创
- 2017-05-28 11:41:111679浏览
mysql最流行的关系型数据库之一，目前隶属于oracle公司，因体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，开放源代码这一特点，所以是我们日常开发的首选。下面我们来看看如何在Linux下安装配置MySQL
系统:Ubuntu 16.04LTS
1\官网下载mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
2\建立工作组:
$su #groupadd mysql #useradd -r -g mysql mysql
3\创建目录
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql #mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
4\解压mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,并拷贝至/usr/local/mysql
#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz #cp -r /home/jieyamulu/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql
5\修改mysql用户对mysql以下及其子文件夹以下文件的权限,修改后可使用ll查看权限
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql root@Ice-***:/usr/local# ll 总用量 44 drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ./ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 2月 16 04:30 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 bin/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 etc/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 games/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 include/ drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 2月 16 04:23 lib/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 3月 29 14:11 man -> share/man/ drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 mysql/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 sbin/ drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 2月 16 04:34 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 2月 16 04:19 src/ root@Ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/ root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll 总用量 64 drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 ./ drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 5月 19 07:39 ../ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 bin/ -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 5月 19 07:48 COPYING drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:41 data/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 docs/ drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 include/ drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 lib/ drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 man/ -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 5月 19 07:48 README drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 share/ drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 5月 19 07:48 support-files/
6\修改(或新建)/etc/my.cnf 配置文件
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data :wq
7\最关键的初始化
# cd /usr/local/mysql/ root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize 2017-05-19T00:15:46.529420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-05-19T00:15:47.066125Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-05-19T00:15:47.213711Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-05-19T00:15:47.286951Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82. 2017-05-19T00:15:47.292857Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-05-19T00:15:47.294758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YjaotQk*2ew4
初始密码要记住
这里可能会出现很多问题,比如:
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
缺少依赖关系包
解决方法:sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
还有可能是之前步骤不对导致了操作data文件的权限不够等等.按照步骤来,缺少什么装什么(有提示),到了这里应该就初始化成功了,那几个Warning,值得注意的是Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.有时间可以查下是怎么回事,这条忽略也没影响.
8\不要着急启动,现在还启动不了.执行代码,将mysql下除了data文件夹外的文件变为root权限
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R root . root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql data
9\启动
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
敲回车
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.18 Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql>
10\重置密码
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpasswd'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
11\设置开机启动
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
12\安装mysql-server 和 mysql-client
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
解决办法:
1.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //现将info文件夹更名
2.$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info //再新建一个新的info文件夹
3.$ sudo apt-get update,
$ apt-get -f install //修复依赖树
4.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //执行完上一步操作后会在新的info文件夹下生成一些文件，现将这些文件全部移到info_old文件夹下
5.$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info //把自己新建的info文件夹删掉
6.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old /var/lib/dpkg/info //把以前的info文件夹重新改回名字
最后,如果是Ubuntu系统可能无法向表中插入汉字,无法从表中查询汉字..
解决办法:
关闭数据库服务
service mysql stop ~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
在[mysqld]下添加一行character_set_server=utf8
配置文件选段:
[mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql character_set_server=utf8 就是这一行,原来是没有的,要手动添加! skip-external-locking #
将上述文件拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf
~$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
重启数据库服务
~$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart
如果查看字符集能得到如下结果就说明成功了.
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
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